The Wind in the Willows utilizes anthropomorphism, a literary device in which animal characters possess human characteristics, a common feature in children's stories. The main characters of the story Mole, Rat, Badger, and Toad, are all anthropomorphized. They exhibit human-like behaviors, thoughts, and emotions, and their social interactions mirror those of humans. Rat, for example, owns a boat, and Toad drives a car. The novel's characters also speak and socialize in a way that reflects human social norms and dynamics.
This creative choice by Grahame serves a specific purpose. In using anthropomorphism, Grahame makes the characters more vibrant and memorable to the reader, ultimately engaging their imagination and emotional connection to the novel's characters. In using anthropomorphism, the novel also suggests that certain human traits, such as Toad's arrogance or Otter's stubbornness, are universal and shared by all creatures. All in all, this allows Grahame to explore human experiences, emotions, and moral lessons in a relatable, entertaining way—something that is especially significant because this novel is intended for a younger audience.
Grahame's use of anthropomorphism also goes beyond characterization. The animal characters in the story also function as symbols and convey deeper meanings and themes. For instance, Toad's obsession with cars represents how modern life disrupts and encroaches upon the simplicity and tranquility of nature. It functions as an allegory for the negative impact of rapid industrialization and the fast-paced modern world. Consequently, the novel portrays nature as preferable to the complexities and drawbacks of modern life.
The Wind in the Willows can be interpreted as a response to the significant industrialization occurring in the late 1800s and early 1900s. The pastoral setting and nostalgia for pre-industrial life reflect a longing for the simplicity and harmony that were perceived to be lost in the face of industrial progress. By employing anthropomorphism and crafting a tale deeply rooted in nature, Grahame offers a counterpoint to the transformations brought on by industrialization, all in all emphasizing the timeless value of the natural world.
