Billy Lynn’s Long Halftime Walk
by Ben Fountain
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Themes and Colors
Fantasy vs. Reality in the Media Theme Icon
Class, Power, and Money Theme Icon
The Absurdity of War Theme Icon
Family and Brotherhood Theme Icon
Heroism and Humanity Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Billy Lynn’s Long Halftime Walk, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
The Absurdity of War Theme Icon
The Absurdity of War Theme Icon

Though the year in which Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk takes place is never stated outright, it most likely takes place in 2004 or 2005. At this point in time, the United States had been engaged in the Iraq War for more than a year, and public support for the war was waning. It was becoming clear that the reasons the United States invaded Iraq in the first place were questionable at best, consequently calling into question the very purpose of the war. As Billy moves through the novel and attempts to make sense of the war and the world around him, he begins to think of the war as something absurd and impossible to reconcile with everyday reality. Ultimately, Billy determines that the only way he can make any sense of the war—and of death itself—is to view it as something that defies rationalization.

The novel explores the absurdity of war through Billy's flashbacks to his time as a soldier in Iraq. He recalls one afternoon, when his beloved mentor, Shroom, instructed Billy to walk one foot in front of the other. Shroom shares that by doing this, Billy might be able to avoid losing both feet if he steps on explosives. This is when Billy first realizes that war—and the lengths to which soldiers will go to survive it—can drive a person mad. With this, Billy begins to think of the war as something abstract that defies all logic. After this realization, he stops even trying to draw logical connections between actions and their justifications, deciding that the Army is defined by nonsensical tasks and maddening habits. By understanding the war and his role in it as absurd, dubious, and nonsensical rather than guided by logic and righteousness, Billy is able to come to terms with his own mortality. He begins to see the possibility of his death as something that has far more to do with chance than anything meaningful or within his control. Eventually, this sense of absurdity also characterizes the way Billy experiences other people speaking about the war. By writing out the Iraq War's buzzwords in phonetic Texas drawl—such as "dubyaemdees" for WMDs, "currj" for courage, and "nina leven" for 9/11—Fountain heightens the sense of the war's absurdity, suggesting that the only way that Billy can make sense of the war and the language used to describe it is to transform the words into mere sounds, rendering the words themselves useless. Billy, in fact, does think of those words as useless and meaningless, and connects the words' meaninglessness to their users' apparent lack of understanding of the reality of the war.

The novel's parallel meditations on the absurdity of the war and the way in which the American public engages with it coalesce in the halftime show. The girl group Destiny's Child headlines the show, flanked by marching bands, ROTC drill teams, high school dance troupes, and the Bravo Squad as the "guests of honor." Though the show is supposed to honor the troops, Billy notes that it's far more focused on showcasing the sexualized bodies of the female performers (many of which are only in high school) and promoting football. In fact, after the Bravo Squad takes the field, it becomes all too apparent that whoever designed the show was thinking about the spectacle and showcasing Destiny's Child—not the needs of combat soldiers who have recently returned from a warzone. The show forces the squad to march across the football field as lights flash and fireworks that resemble missiles explode, triggering intense PTSD flashbacks in all the squad members and even necessitating the use of Valium to return Sykes to a semi-functional state after the show. The halftime show indicates to Billy that like the media, civilians subconsciously view the war as something detached from reality. The halftime show reinforces Billy's suspicions that those at home know little about what life is like on the front and what it's like to experience the war firsthand. In this way, the novel concludes with the overwhelming sense that it is impossible to make sense of the war, whether one is a soldier or a civilian—and that this absurdity is, in fact, one of the gravest horrors of war for those who must live with memories of it.

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The Absurdity of War Quotes in Billy Lynn’s Long Halftime Walk

Below you will find the important quotes in Billy Lynn’s Long Halftime Walk related to the theme of The Absurdity of War.

Chapter 3 Quotes

Billy sensed the true mindfucking potential of it on their first trip outside the wire, when Shroom advised him to place his feet one in front of the other instead of side by side, that way if an IED blew threw the Humvee Billy might only lose one foot instead of two.

Related Characters: Billy Lynn, Shroom
Page Number and Citation: 27
Explanation and Analysis:
In this passage, Billy remembers the exact moment in which he realized how truly absurd and terrifying it is to be in the middle of a war zone, particularly when the war itself doesn't make any logical sense. Shroom's advice is practical, but it also highlights the love and close connection that Bravos share with each other. Shroom clearly cares for Billy’s safety, specifically pointing to the close mentor-and-mentee relationship that the two men shared. This passage also shows Billy’s realization that in Iraq, he isn't necessarily a strong, invincible hero. He's at the mercy of chance and fate, and Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delec

Chapter 4 Quotes

Their eyes skitz and quiver with the force of the moment, because here, finally, up close and personal, is the war made flesh, an actual point of contact after all the months and years of reading about the war, watching the war on TV, hearing the war flogged and flacked on talk radio.

Related Characters: Billy Lynn, Mango, Sergeant Dime
Page Number and Citation: 39
Explanation and Analysis:
Following a Jumbotron clip of Bravo Squad, people at the stadium mob Bravo at their seats to thank them for their service. Billy recognizes that what people want is a sense of reality of the war, and as a soldier, Billy himself becomes a symbol for the war and for the righteousness of the American project in the Middle East. Billy shows that the civilians think of him as “the war made flesh,” and a symbol of American heroism—not a human being. This sentiment is reinforced throughout the novel as people ask Billy insensitive questions about what it feels like Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciu

They say thank you over and over and with growing fervor; they know they're being good when they thank the troops and their eyes shimmer with love for themselves and this tangible proof of their goodness.

Related Characters: Billy Lynn
Page Number and Citation: 39
Explanation and Analysis:
As Billy prepares himself to deal with the onslaught of grateful civilians, he considers that people are self-congratulatory about thanking him for his service. Later, this realization is used to illustrate the divide between this self-congratulatory, relatively meaningless "support" for the troops, and what real support would look like—namely, money or armor for the troops. This is another facet of the Fantasy Industrial Complex, as the media leads people to believe that simply thanking the troops is enough to properly care for them. By obscuring or ignoring the reality of the war in Iraq, the media can channel support for Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidun

"It was. I had to keep telling myself this is real, these are real American soldiers fighting for our freedom, this is not a movie. Oh God I was just so happy that day, I was relieved more than anything, like we were finally paying them back for nina leven. Now"—she pauses for a much-needed breath—"which one are you?"

Related Characters: Sergeant Dime, Billy Lynn, Mango
Page Number and Citation: 44
Explanation and Analysis:
As Josh tries to lead Bravo to the private club for lunch, citizens mob the soldiers yet again to thank them for their service. A wealthy, unnamed wife says this to Billy with enthusiasm as he politely listens to her. The fact that the woman must remind herself that the footage of the Bravos on the Al-Ansakar Canal isn't a movie shows how deeply film and obviously unreal depictions of war and violence have permeated American society. This woman appears to have no previous experience viewing real, unscripted violence, and in order to understand it, she must apply the language Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo

Chapter 5 Quotes

What's happening now isn't nearly as real as that, eating this meal, holding this fork, lifting this glass, the realest things in the world these days are the things in his head.

Related Characters: Sergeant Dime, Lake, Shroom, Albert Ratner, Billy Lynn
Page Number and Citation: 53
Explanation and Analysis:
As Billy eats lunch in the exclusive club at the stadium, he loses himself in thoughts about Shroom, Lake, and the war, reasoning finally that being at this meal doesn't feel as real as his memories of the war. This makes it abundantly clear to the reader that Billy struggles to understand what's real and what's not, entirely independent of the Fantasy Industrial Complex that does the same for citizens at home. Billy struggles because what he's experienced and what he remembers about the war feels far more real than being back in the US on the Victory Tour, even Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus

Chapter 6 Quotes

So is this what they meant by the sanctity of life? A soft groan escaped Billy when he thought about that, the war revealed in this fresh and gruesome light. Oh. Ugh. Divine spark, image of God, suffer the little children and all that—there's real power when words attach to actual things.

Related Characters: Billy Lynn, Brian
Page Number and Citation: 83
Explanation and Analysis:
As Billy plays outside with Brian, his two-year-old nephew, Billy is forced to see the war in a new light. Observing Brian’s childlike innocence, Billy begins to realize that the innocence of childhood is universal, and he understands that children just like Brian, who are curious and happy, die every day in the wars that plague the globe. Further, Billy is both complicit and responsible for their deaths. Prior to this realization, the novel implies that Billy had simply been able to ignore this fact because he didn't have a face to attach to the idea of "children." However, after Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consect

Billy rattled off the cities. Washington, Richmond, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Columbus, Denver, Kansas City, Raleigh-Durham, Phoenix, Pittsburgh, Tampa Bay, Miami, and practically every one, as Sergeant Dime pointed out, happened to lie in an electoral swing state.

Related Characters: Billy Lynn (speaker), Ray Lynn, Kathryn Lynn, Sergeant Dime, Mr. Whaley
Page Number and Citation: 88
Explanation and Analysis:
When Mr. Whaley stops by the Lynn house to see Billy, Billy discusses the Victory Tour with him. In this passage, Dime's observation impresses upon Billy that the people who make up Bravo Squad don't matter as much as the idea and the political power of Bravo Squad as a whole. By parading Bravo in swing states, President Bush (who recently won reelection) can impress upon voters in those states that reelecting him was the right thing to do. By reducing Bravo to symbols and non-human heroes, others with more power are able to direct the public opinion of the Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Vo

Chapter 7 Quotes

Mortal fear is the ghetto of the human soul, to be free of it something like the psychic equivalent of inheriting a hundred million dollars. This is what he truly envies of these people, the luxury of terror as a talking point [...]

Related Characters: Billy Lynn, Norm Oglesby
Page Number and Citation: 114
Explanation and Analysis:
While at a meet and greet with Norm Oglesby and other rich Texans, Billy realizes that the true difference between himself and the wealthy people surrounding him is that he is deathly afraid of returning to Iraq, while that fear is merely a talking point for the rich and famous. The rich and powerful people at the game never have to face the possibility of dying in the Middle East. Because of sensationalist media coverage and geographic distance, these rich and powerful Americans see war as entertainment, consequently creating a gulf in understanding between Billy and these rich people. It Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus volup

It seems the airiest thing there is and yet the realest, but how you enter that world he has no idea except by passage through that other foreign country called college, and that ain't happening.

Related Characters: Mr. Bill Jones, Billy Lynn
Page Number and Citation: 121
Explanation and Analysis:
After speaking with Mr. Jones about how global business works, Billy decides that he'll never understand the business world because he refuses to return to school. This shows that the languages of wealth and power aren't ones that Billy has learned; they're foreign to him and will likely stay that way due to the limited opportunities he has for advancement. For Billy, the world of money and business is just as fantastical as the war is for many of the people he meets at the stadium, reinforcing the idea that the war itself isn't the only absurd thing: those with Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidun

All the fakeness just rolls right off them, maybe because the nonstop sales job of American life has instilled in them exceptionally high thresholds for sham, puff, spin, bullshit, and outright lies, in other words for advertising in all its forms. Billy himself never noticed how fake it all is until he'd done time in a combat zone.

Related Characters: Billy Lynn, Norm Oglesby
Page Number and Citation: 131
Explanation and Analysis:
Billy watches Norm give a speech and takes note of the way that the audience hangs on Norm's every word—even though his speaking style is very similar to that of politicians, and Billy identifies it as being fake. Seeing the war firsthand has allowed Billy to see that the way that politicians talk about the war is far from the truth, and in some cases, intentionally obscures the truth. He also recognizes that politicians work actively to sell the war to the American public, in this case using Billy and Bravo Squad as heroic symbols of American righteousness to make Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mol

Chapter 9 Quotes

So fuck that, he was done with football after his sophomore year, except the Army is pretty much the same thing, though the violence is, well, what it is, obviously. By factors of thousands.

Related Characters: Sergeant Dime, Billy Lynn, Albert Ratner, Norm Oglesby
Page Number and Citation: 164
Explanation and Analysis:
Down on the football field, Billy reasons that football is terrible because there are too many rules that mask its inherent violence, though he also understands that the Army does much the same thing. What Billy truly takes issue with is the rationalization and mechanization of violence inherent to both the Army and football. These qualities turn football and the Army into absurd displays of power and strength, not guided by any sense of reality or a clear goal. Rationalizing the violence of both war and football in turn make the violence easier to understand and accept for those watching Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas au

Chapter 10 Quotes

"So whas it like? You know, like what it feel like?"

Billy swallows. The hard question. That's where he bleeds, exactly. Someday he'll have to build a church there, if he survives the war.

"It doesn't feel like anything. Not while it's happening."

Related Characters: Octavian Spurgeon, Billy Lynn
Page Number and Citation: 176
Explanation and Analysis:
Octavian Spurgeon, a player for the Cowboys, takes a special interest in Billy and asks him what it feels like to kill people. The way that Octavian talks to Billy, and specifically the way that he previously asked about all the different weapons, makes it clear that Octavian views the war and violence as entertainment and fantasy. For Billy, the fact that he's killed people weighs heavily on him and is something that he'll have to grapple with his entire life. In contrast, Octavian has no grasp on this reality and talks about killing people in combat as if war Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asper

Chapter 11 Quotes

Here at home everyone is so sure about the war. They talk in certainties, imperatives, absolutes, views that seem quite reasonable in the context. A kind of abyss separates the war over here from the war over there, and the trick, as Billy perceives it, is not to stumble when jumping from one side to the other.

Related Characters: March Hawey, Billy Lynn
Page Number and Citation: 197
Explanation and Analysis:
In Norm's private box, Billy listens to March Hawey discuss the war with other rich Texans and decides that these people have no idea what the war is actually like. This connects with the Fantasy Industrial Complex, which offers the war to viewers as something fantastical and entirely separate from reality. For those at home, it's easy to rationalize the war and insist that there are easy fixes for the conflict. Billy, having experienced the war firsthand, understands that that's not exactly the case. The war is a real thing to him, and as a soldier, he has a very Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corr

Yes ma'am, proud, Bravo has achieved levels of proud that can move mountains and knock the moon out of phase, but why, please, do they play the national anthem before games anyway? The Dallas Cowboys and the Chicago Bears, these are two privately owned, for-profit corporations [...]

Related Characters: Billy Lynn, March Hawey, Norm Oglesby
Page Number and Citation: 207
Explanation and Analysis:
After the national anthem, a woman asks Billy if he's proud of America. Instead of feeling proud about America, Billy wonders how and why the idea of America is so entrenched in commercialism. He sees how the idea of America is used to sell things that, in reality, have little to do with the country. This indicates that the home front is absurd, just like the war itself, simply given how wrapped up in consumerism the home front is. This extends to the war itself: it's important to remember that though the Victory Tour is supposedly intended to honor Bravo Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium r

Chapter 12 Quotes

Somewhere along the way America became a giant mall with a country attached.

Related Characters: Mango, Faison, Billy Lynn
Related Symbols: The Texas Stadium
Page Number and Citation: 222
Explanation and Analysis:
As Billy and Mango walk through the stadium to find Faison, Billy observes that spectators, bored and sad due to the Cowboys' impending loss, are shopping to ease their pain. He thinks of this as being uniquely American. The assertion that America is nothing but a mall reinforces the prominent role of advertising in American culture. Billy observes throughout the novel that everyone is trying to sell the public something, especially, in his experience, reasons to support the war. Essentially, the public uses its spending power to purchase the type of reality they want to see, regardless of whether it's Dolorem et qu

Chapter 14 Quotes

"Son, try to look at it this way. It's just another normal day in America."

Billy's heart melts a little at that son. The stage is disappearing around them like a mortally wounded ship beneath the waves.

"I don't think I even know what normal is anymore."

Related Characters: Sergeant Dime (speaker), Billy Lynn (speaker), Sykes, The Roadies
Page Number and Citation: 242
Explanation and Analysis:
Bravo is forgotten after the halftime show and Sykes in particular is struggling with the effects of PTSD. Billy is disturbed by the disconnect between how he experienced the show and how the American public apparently experienced it. For the sobbing Sykes, it wasn't just another day in America: it was a terrifying experience that plunged him right back into the warzone in Iraq. The fact that someone thought putting Bravo through this performance was an appropriate way to honor them shows just how different the experience of war is at home than it is in Iraq. A generous reading Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi at

Chapter Quotes

They are his boys, his brothers. Bravos would die for one another. They are the truest friends he will ever have, and he'd expire from grief and guilt at not being there with them.

Related Characters: Sergeant Dime, Kathryn Lynn, Faison, Billy Lynn, Shroom
Page Number and Citation: 294
Explanation and Analysis:
As Billy fantasizes about accepting Kathryn's help and deserting the Army, he tries to make the fantasy as real as possible. This is a poignant example of Billy rejecting the Fantasy Industrial Complex, as he does his very best to consider what it would actually mean to desert, not what the best-case, sugar-coated scenario would be. He's able to do this because of his firsthand experiences in the war, which have taught him that the sense of family he found with Bravo is stronger than any familial relationships he has at home. This realization makes the war even more real Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam el

For the past two weeks he's been feeling so superior and smart because of all the things he knows from the war, but forget it, they are the ones in charge, these saps, their homeland dream is the dominant force. His reality is their reality's bitch; what they don't know is more powerful than all the things he knows [...]

Related Characters: Billy Lynn
Page Number and Citation: 306
Explanation and Analysis:
As Billy is mobbed by grateful civilians one final time, he comes to the realization that his knowledge of the war means nothing when put up against the power of the Fantasy Industrial Complex. The Complex insures that those at home only see a curated version of what the war is really like, thereby keeping them from truly understanding the conflict and what it's like to be in the middle of the war. Billy, on the other hand, knows exactly what it's like to be in the middle of the conflict. However, his knowledge has no power to change the Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores s