The Cellist of Sarajevo
by Steven Galloway

Art, Culture, and Civilization Theme Analysis

Themes and Colors
War, Civilians, and Humanity Theme Icon
Hatred and the Other Theme Icon
Art, Culture, and Civilization Theme Icon
Heroism Theme Icon
Reality, Image, and Memory Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in The Cellist of Sarajevo, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Art, Culture, and Civilization Theme Icon
Art, Culture, and Civilization Theme Icon

In The Cellist of Sarajevo, Galloway portrays art and culture as the core of civilization. He treats them not as luxuries, but as necessities that offer access to a universal humanity that both makes life worth living and combats the hatred exacerbated by war. Galloway is explicit his assessment that the loss of culture profoundly damaged the citizens of Sarajevo during the war. For instance, he describes the burning of the city’s main library and how that damage was worse for the Sarajevans than the loss of so many other buildings, since destroying the library metaphorically destroyed culture and learning in the city.

The most powerful symbol of art and culture in the novel is the cellist after whom the novel is named. In deciding to play his instrument in a public square for twenty-two days to honor Sarajevan citizens killed in a mortar attack, the cellist asserts the necessity and power of art at the risk of his own life. The cellist galvanizes the citizens to travel from across the city—braving possible sniper attacks at every street corner—to listen to his music. This suggests that the music is just as necessary to their survival as the food and water they traverse the treacherous city to obtain. The citizens seem to see the music as a statement of who they are, and as a symbol of the civilization and culture they had before the war.

In addition to its emotional and interpersonal value, culture is shown to be strategically important to the war effort. Nermin, Arrow’s first commander, suggests that the cellist bolsters the Sarajevan cause, since the music reminds Sarajevans why the city is worth defending. If the Sarajevo militia forgets the humanity and soul of the city, he argues, they will be less motivated to defend it—as such, the cellist’s music gives purpose and strength to the city’s defense. Because of this, the cellist is a threat to the Bosnian Serb forces trying to seize the city, since they know that the city will be easier to take if its people are demoralized, and the cellist is giving Sarajevans a renewed sense of hope and community. Therefore, Arrow gets assigned to protect the cellist from Bosnian snipers, and she ends up in a game of cat and mouse with a Bosnian sniper sent to kill the cellist. This circumstance allows Galloway to highlight another important aspect of art and culture: not only does it bolster the war effort, but it points to moral possibilities beyond the war As Arrow listens to the cellist from the place where she’s staking out the other sniper, she is reminded of her emotions. She thinks of her own humanity, as well as the humanity of the enemy Bosnian Serbs who have families and loved ones, just like she does. Furthermore, Arrow notices that the opposing sniper has become so enraptured by the cellist’s music that he has put up his gun—he’s so moved by art that he has, for now, set aside his mission to kill.

In its ability to bridge the gap between Arrow and the opposing sniper, to connect them both through the beauty of music, the novel portrays art and music as offering a route out of the hatred of the war. However, Arrow rejects this bridge and kills the other sniper, which marks Arrow’s descent into a moral abyss. This is apparent in Nermin’s decision to relieve her of her duties, since he knows now that her willingness to take advantage of the sniper’s vulnerable moment would lead her to other immoral acts. Further, just after she kills the opposing sniper, Arrow looks down from her location at the cellist, hoping the cellist will look up and acknowledge how she has protected him. The cellist does not look up, showing that whether the cellist is aware or not of what Arrow has done is unimportant. The lack of acknowledgement from the cellist indicates that art and culture can't be defended through violence. Rather, by showing people from every walk of life in Sarajevo (even a Bosnian Serb soldier) enjoying the cellist’s music, Galloway suggests that music and culture are uniting forces; they’re the best antidote to the hatred of war.

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Art, Culture, and Civilization Quotes in The Cellist of Sarajevo

Below you will find the important quotes in The Cellist of Sarajevo related to the theme of Art, Culture, and Civilization.

The Cellist Quotes

The resulting composition, known as Albinoni's Adagio bears little resemblance to most of Albinoni's work and is considered fraudulent by most scholars. But even those who doubt its authenticity have difficulty denying the Adagio's beauty.
Nearly half a century later, it's this contradiction that appeals to the cellist. That something could be almost erased from existence in the landscape of a ruined city, and then rebuilt until it is new and worthwhile, gives him hope.

Related Symbols: The Cellist, Albinoni’s Adagio
Page Number and Citation: xv
Explanation and Analysis:
The cellist, a seemingly ordinary man, uses his musical talent to play Albinoni’s Adagio, a piece that gains huge metaphorical significance as it is played over and over again throughout the novel. Galloway draws on the historical context of the piece, explaining how the Adagio was born from violence. After the library in Dresden burned in WWII, a composer used a found fragment of a piece by Albinoni to create his own work of art that let him process his pain at the many tragedies of WWII. Similarly, playing the adagio allows the cellist to honor his grief at the Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum vol

One: Dragan Quotes

He's stopped talking to his friends, visits no one, avoids those who come to visit him. At work he says as little as possible. He can perhaps learn to bear the destruction of buildings, but the destruction of the living is too much for him. If people are going to be taken away from him, either through death or a transformation of their personality that makes them into strangers, then he's better off without them.

Related Characters: Dragan
Page Number and Citation: 32
Explanation and Analysis:
Dragan, fearful of getting hurt by the atrocities of the war, chooses to isolate himself from everyone so that he will have no reason to mourn. Galloway presents this as an understandable choice, given how dangerous the city has become and the hardships that Dragan has had to endure. Dragan is even lonelier because he felt forced to send his wife and son to safety in Italy so they would be able to live freely. Yet however noble it was that Dragan stayed in a city that is being destroyed every day, Galloway also shows that Dragan has been a Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati

Two: Dragan Quotes

"I can't remember if we were like that, or just think we were. It seems impossible to remember what things were like." And he suspects this is what the men on the hills want most. They would, of course, like to kill them all, but if they can't, they would like to make them forget how they used to be, how civilized people act. He wonders how long it will take before they succeed.

Related Characters: Dragan (speaker), Emina
Page Number and Citation: 77
Explanation and Analysis:
Dragan meets an old acquaintance, Emina, in the street and begins to discuss the old values of sharing and the sense of community that people used to uphold in Sarajevo. The old trappings of civilization, in which the citizens of the city cared about others and acted to improve others’ well-being has become a rarity in the war. Dragan especially feels that ensuring his own survival means isolating himself from others so that he will not be hurt if people he cares about disappear. Yet even as Dragan has pulled himself away from interacting with other people, he also sees Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omni

Two: Arrow (Part 2) Quotes

The cellist confuses her. She doesn't know what he hopes to achieve with his playing. He can't believe he will stop the war. He can't believe he will save lives… She can't tell what he believes, and it bothers her that she can't say exactly what it is, or whether she wants to believe it too. She knows it involves motion. Whatever the cellist is doing, he isn't sitting in a street waiting for something to happen. He is, it seems to her, increasing the speed of things. Whatever happens will come sooner because of him.

Related Characters: Arrow (Alisa)
Related Symbols: The Cellist
Page Number and Citation: 83
Explanation and Analysis:
After her assignment to protect the cellist from possible attacks, Arrow wonders about the motives of this man who is putting himself in harm’s way just to make music in the open street. No one, and least of all a member of the city militia, believes that beautiful music will make the men on the hill put down their guns or decide to leave the city alone. Neither can the music act as a force-field that will protect the people who listen to the cellist—in fact, it puts the cellist’s neighbors in more danger by making that location a target. Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesc

Two: Kenan (Part 2) Quotes

The men on the hills made the library one of their first targets, and they took to their task with great efficiency. Kenan didn't know if it was shells that started the fire, or if someone smuggled in a bomb as they did in the post office, but he knew that as it burned they fired incendiary shells at it. He went there when he heard it was burning, without knowing why. He watched, helpless and useless, as this symbol of what the city was and what many still wanted it to be, gave in to the desires of the men on the hills.

Related Characters: Kenan
Page Number and Citation: 98
Explanation and Analysis:
While on his way to get water, Kenan passes the library and remembers how terrible he felt as he watched that lovely building be destroyed in the early days of the siege. Though the library itself is not an important strategic target in terms of the city’s function (as targeting the train station or power plants might be), the library is an important site for both sides of the conflict because it represents the wider civilized values of the old Sarajevo. A library, full of books from authors of all ethnicities, religions, and creeds, can be a place where knowledge Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mo

Two: Dragan (Part 2) Quotes

"Who is he playing for?" she asks again, and suddenly Dragan thinks he knows.
"Maybe he's playing for himself," he says. "Maybe it's all he knows how to do, and he's not doing it to make something happen." And he thinks this is true. What the cellist wants isn't a change, or to set things right again, but to stop things from getting worse. Because, as the optimist in Emina's mother's joke said, it can always get worse. But perhaps the only thing that will stop it from getting worse is people doing the things they know how to do.

Related Characters: Dragan (speaker), Emina (speaker)
Related Symbols: The Cellist
Page Number and Citation: 110
Explanation and Analysis:
Dragan and Emina meet on the street while risking their lives by doing mundane tasks amid sniper fire, and Emina tells Dragan about a mysterious cellist who has chosen to risk his life simply to play music in an open square. While Emina muses on the possible reasons why the cellist would do this, Dragan suggests that the music is the best he has to offer in order to keep the violence of the siege from taking over the city completely. Art and culture in Sarajevo is not an unnecessary luxury that the residents should give up during the siege, Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at.

She is the person he once knew: Affected by the war, changed, but the woman he knew is still in there. She hasn't been covered in the gray that colors the streets. He wonders why he hasn't seen this before, wonders how much else he hasn't seen.

Related Characters: Dragan, Emina
Related Symbols: Gray
Page Number and Citation: 116
Explanation and Analysis:
When Dragan truly connects with an old acquaintance on the street, he finally sees that the city still has life within it, even when everything seems covered in the gray of war. Galloway captures the drudgery of the siege in this drab color, showing how Dragan has gradually been worn down until he can no longer see any beauty or color in the world. Emina, on the other hand, has been able to retain her color—that is, she still connects with the world around her instead of focusing only on her own personal survival. Dragan is shaken out of his Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaec

Two: Arrow (Part 3) Quotes

She wonders whether he can hear the music. He's not much farther from the cellist than she is, so he must. Does it sound the same to him? What does he hear? What does he think about this man who sits in the street and plays?

Related Characters: Arrow (Alisa)
Related Symbols: The Cellist, Albinoni’s Adagio
Page Number and Citation: 134
Explanation and Analysis:
While protecting the cellist from a sniper, Arrow notices that the man sent to kill the cellist seems to be paused as if he’s listening to the cellist’s music. The cellist’s adagio awakens Arrow’s emotions, which she had ignored during the bleak and difficult days of the siege. In order to be a good sniper, Arrow had to turn herself into a weapon that could do what needed to be done to win the war without letting guilt at the blood on her hands overwhelm her. Galloway shows how the music allows Arrow to thaw a little and embrace her Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut al

Arrow lowers her rifle and looks down at the street. The cellist has finished. He picks up his stool and cello and heads for his door. He pauses just before he enters, and she wonders if he will look in her direction. Even though he can't possibly see her, she wants him to turn toward her, to acknowledge her in some way. The cellist adjusts his grip on his instrument and disappears into the building.

Related Characters: Arrow (Alisa)
Related Symbols: The Cellist
Page Number and Citation: 136
Explanation and Analysis:
Arrow has been charged with protecting the cellist from any attack by the men sieging the city and thus she feels forced to kill the sniper who threatens the cellist, even though he is only listening to the cellist play his adagio. Arrow feels guilty for shooting a man who was not actively trying to harm anyone, but she tries to justify her actions by searching for the approval of the cellist. The cellist, far from being grateful to Arrow for protecting him, seems completely unaware that Arrow is even there. As the cellist represents the power of arts and Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolo

Three: Arrow Quotes

"The men on the hills have created many monsters," he says, "and not all of them are on the hills. There are those here who believe they are in the right simply because they oppose something that is evil. They use this war and the city for their own ends, and I won't be a part of it. If this is how the city will be once the war is over, then it's not worth saving."

Related Characters: Nermin Filipović (speaker), Arrow (Alisa)
Page Number and Citation: 167
Explanation and Analysis:
Arrow’s commander, Nermin, explains what makes the task of protecting Sarajevo from the siege so difficult—the defense must do their best to protect the physical buildings and land of Sarajevo, and they must simultaneously retain the ideals and values of tolerance and peace that the multi-cultural city of Sarajevo once stood for. Even as they fight against the enemy on the hills, the defense corps cannot fall into hatred without seriously damaging their mission to preserve their city. A win-at-all-costs mentality might annihilate the enemy and end the siege, but it would also strip the city of Sarajevo of what Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium

Three: Kenan Quotes

The building behind the cellist repairs itself. The scars of bullets and shrapnel are covered by plaster and paint, and windows reassemble, clarify, and sparkle as the sun reflects off glass. The cobblestones of the road set themselves straight. Around him people stand up taller, their faces put on weight and color. Clothes gain lost thread, brighten, smooth out their wrinkles.
Kenan watches as his city heals itself around him. The cellist continues to play…

Related Characters: Kenan
Related Symbols: The Cellist, Albinoni’s Adagio
Page Number and Citation: 187
Explanation and Analysis:
When Kenan hears the cellist play, he is able to remember that Sarajevo was once not a place of death and difficulty, and he gains hope that the city can one day return to that former peace and prosperity. Galloway uses music, specifically the cellist’s adagio, as a reminder of the beauty of human civilization even when it seems like all that beauty has been destroyed. Reconnecting with the part of his spirit that appreciates the haunting melody of the adagio allows Kenan to escape the bleak reality of his life in besieged Sarajevo, and look to a future where Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque om

He thinks of Mrs. Ristovski. He doesn't know what made her the way she is, but something has killed her, he can see now that she is a ghost as well. She has been a ghost for a long time. And to be a ghost while you're still alive is the worst thing he can imagine.

Related Characters: Kenan, Mrs. Ristovski
Page Number and Citation: 192
Explanation and Analysis:
Kenan’s elderly neighbor, Mrs. Ristovski, survived World War II—but at the cost of becoming a bitter shell of a woman who seems incapable of feeling true happiness. Widowed in WWII, Mrs. Ristovski chose never to remarry or start a family in her grief. Mrs. Ristovski may still be alive, but she is not truly living. Her pain and loss from the previous war kept her from appreciating life once times of peace returned. Through Mrs. Ristovski, Galloway shows the effect that war can have even on civilians. Conflicts like this can completely ruin someone’s life, even if the physical hardships Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus

Three: Dragan (Part 2) Quotes

He looks across the street and sees the cameraman staring at him, his mouth open. His camera is in his hands, but not on his shoulder. It hasn't captured him, or the body of the hatless man.
Good, he thinks. I will not live in a city where dead bodies lie abandoned in the streets, and you will not tell the world I do.

Related Characters: Dragan
Page Number and Citation: 211
Explanation and Analysis:
When Dragan sees a cameraman filming an intersection where a man was recently shot by a sniper, he risks his life to drag the body out of the street rather than allow the journalist to broadcast the image of a corpse left in the middle of a Sarajevo road. Dragan continually walks the line between remembering Sarajevo as it was and dealing with the reality of Sarajevo as it is during the siege. Though it is true that a dead body was left in the street, that kind of environment is not the type of place that Dragan wants to Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aper

Four: Arrow Quotes

The men on the hills didn't have to be murderers. The men in the city didn't have to lower themselves to fight their attackers. She didn't have to be filled with hatred. The music demanded that she remember this, that she know to a certainty that the world still held the capacity for goodness.

Related Characters: Arrow (Alisa)
Related Symbols: Albinoni’s Adagio
Page Number and Citation: 228
Explanation and Analysis:
At the end of the novel, Arrow gives up her place as a sniper for the Sarajevo Defense Corps after realizing that she can no longer take part in hatred and killing. Throughout her journey, Arrow struggles to understand her own hatred for the “men on the hill” – that is, the members of the opposing army that is bombing Sarajevo. She finally decides that even her justified hatred of those who have completely destroyed her former way of life is still wrong. Galloway argues that hatred of the other is a fundamental driving force of the Bosnian War. By Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum volupt