American Dirt

by Jeanine Cummins

Lydia Character Analysis

Lydia Quixano Pérez, the protagonist, was born and raised in Acapulco. She studied English in college and owns a bookstore in Acapulco, where she lives with her husband, Sebastián, and their son, Luca. A decade into owning her bookstore, Lydia meets Javier, with whom she has a similar taste in literature Javier becomes a regular customer, and they strike up an intimate, flirtatious friendship. Then, she discovers that Javier is the jefe of the local cartel. Shocked, she ends their friendship. Lydia is intelligent but somewhat naïve; in retrospect, she will realize that she saw but refused to accept the signs of Javier’s power. Weeks later, Sebastián publishes an article profiling Javier in the local newspaper, and her life is upended when three of Javier’s men murder 16 members of her family in retaliation; only Lydia and Luca survive. Realizing their lives are still at risk, she resolves to get herself and Luca out of Mexico and far away from Javier. Her commitment to protect her son feeds her drive to survive, and they join the hordes of undocumented migrants undertaking the harrowing journey to the border atop a freight train nicknamed La Bestia. Lydia is distrustful of most people she meets along the way and struggles to come to grips with life’s uncertainty. She and Luca join forces with teenaged sisters, Soledad and Rebeca, with whom Lydia forms a maternal bond. When they reach the United States after a treacherous through the desert, Lydia and Luca live with Soledad, Rebeca, and their cousin César’s family. Over the course of her journey, Lydia learns to accept her lack of control and keep going in spite of it. She knows that strength and resilience grow out of the ability to experience joy and pain.

Lydia Quotes in American Dirt

The American Dirt quotes below are all either spoken by Lydia or refer to Lydia . For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Trauma Theme Icon
).

Chapter 1 Quotes

The wall is around five and a half feet high and three feet long—just large enough, with some luck, to shield Luca and his mother from sight. Luca’s back is wedged, his small shoulders touching both walls. His knees are drawn up to his chin, and Mami is clinched around him like a tortoise’s shell.

Related Characters: Luca , Lydia , Abuela, Sebastián
Page Number: 1
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 2 Quotes

The detective does not move to contradict her. Unlike many of his colleagues […] he happens to not be on the cartel payroll. […] The illicit payment is three times more than what they earn from the government. In fact, one has already texted el jefe to report Lydia’s and Luca’s arrival. The others do nothing, because that’s precisely what the cartel pays them to do, to populate uniforms and perform the appearance of governance.

Related Characters: Luca , Lydia , The Detective
Page Number: 9
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 3 Quotes

Luca adjusts the brim of his father’s too-big Yankees hat. Papi’s sweat is seeped into the hatband, so little currents of his scent puff out whenever Luca pulls it to one side of the other, which Luca does now at regular intervals so he can smell his father. Then he has the idea that perhaps the scent is finite, and he fears he might use it all up, so he stops touching it.

Related Characters: Sebastián , Lydia , Luca
Related Symbols: The Red Yankees Hat
Page Number: 18
Explanation and Analysis:

If there is one good thing about terror, Lydia now understands, it’s that it’s more immediate than grief. She knows that she will soon have to contend with what’s happened, but for now, the possibility of what might still happen serves to anesthetize her from the worst of the anguish.

Related Characters: Lydia , Javier, Luca
Page Number: 23
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 5 Quotes

There is blood on your hands as well. I’m sorry for your pain and mine. Now we are bound forever in this grief.

Related Characters: Javier (speaker), Lydia , Luca
Page Number: 44
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 7 Quotes

When she was a kid, Lydia loved the Choose Your Own Adventure books. At the end of each chapter, you’d have to decide what to do next. […] She liked being able to revise her own decisions, liked knowing that nothing was permanent, that she could always start over and try again. But it was also true that sometimes it didn’t matter, the maze of the book seemed to funnel her back to the same result, no matter what she decided.

Related Characters: Luca , Javier, Lydia
Page Number: 57
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 9 Quotes

In Carlos and Meredith’s house in Chilpancingo, there are new ghosts to contend with. Trauma waits for stillness. Lydia feels like a cracked egg, she doesn’t know if she is the shell or the yolk or the white. She is scrambled. […] Lydia tries to read but her mind can’t hold the words. […] So instead she tries to keep her body occupied. […] She watches as Luca grows silent.

Related Characters: Meredith, Carlos, Luca , Lydia
Page Number: 75
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 10 Quotes

When the idea first occurred to her […], it occurred as a camouflage: they could disguise themselves as migrants. But now that she’s sitting in this quiet library with her son and their stuffed backpacks, like a thunderclap, Lydia understands that it’s not a disguise at all. She and Luca are actual migrants. That is what they are.

Related Characters: Luca , Lydia
Page Number: 94
Explanation and Analysis:

All her life she’s pitied those poor people. She’s donated money. She’s wondered with the sort of detached fascination of the comfortable elite how dire the conditions of their lives must be wherever they come from, that this is the better option. That these people would leave their homes, their cultures, their families, even their languages, and venture into tremendous peril, risking their very lives, all for the chance to get to the dream of some faraway country that doesn’t want them.

Related Characters: Luca , Lydia
Related Symbols: El Norte
Page Number: 94
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 13 Quotes

She’s still afraid, one day, it will be Sebastian. She’s been afraid for so long that now she can’t catch up to the facts: it was already him, and the rest of her family. It really did happen; all those years of worry did not prevent it.

Related Characters: Lydia , Sebastián
Page Number: 124
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 15 Quotes

It’s overwhelming, to be in a beautiful, festive place like this. Lydia is overcome by guilt. Because it feels incongruous and seductive and wrong to witness the simple charm of a pretty place. She can see that same kind of notion land across Luca’s features, and she reaches for his hand. His mind does his awful thing to remind him not to be enchanted: it floods him with the helpful memory of all his dead family […]. Everyone gone. Luca is gone with them for a moment […].

Related Characters: Lydia , Rebeca, Luca , Soledad
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number: 152
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 16 Quotes

“You seem a lot older than you are. Like you’re this old man in this tiny body.”

Luca tries to take this as a compliment. His body isn’t tiny; it’s only moderately smaller than a typical eight-year-old’s. “I’ve seen bad things, too,” he assures her.

“Yeah?”

He nods.

“I guess you wouldn’t be on top of this train if you hadn’t.”

“Es un prerrequisito,” Luca says. A prerequisite.

Rebeca nods.

Related Characters: Luca (speaker), Rebeca (speaker), Soledad, Lydia
Page Number: 162
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 19 Quotes

Marta’s death changed everything, of course. It changed everything. Beyond her shock, Lydia can sense waves of competing emotions, but she shuts them all down. […] She will feel nothing about his anguish. The note he sent her at the Dusquesa Imperial: I’m sorry for your pain and mine. Now we are bound forever in this grief.

No.

No.

His grief is not the same as hers. Lydia will not feel empathy for him. She will rage. She will inhabit the fury of her own senseless bereavement, the one that Javier invented for her. Instead, she will walk, she will leave him behind, she will repeat the sixteen names of her murdered family.

Related Characters: Sebastián , Javier, Marta, Lorenzo, Lydia
Page Number: 194
Explanation and Analysis:

[Lydia] pictures [Lorenzo] following from a hidden distance, but she doesn’t turn to confront her suspicions. She keeps moving, adelante, keeps Luca and the girls moving. It’s not until hours later, on the doorstep of a migrant shelter, that she accords herself a pause of reassurance.

Related Characters: Lydia , Lorenzo, Luca
Related Symbols: Adelante
Page Number: 197
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 24 Quotes

“I just want to die. I want it to be over,” Rebeca says without any inflection to her voice at all.

“Well, you don’t get to decide that, Rebeca,” her sister says.

“I want to go home.”

“There is no home. We’re going to make a new home. This is the only way forward, so we go forward. Adelante. No more crying now.”

Related Characters: Soledad (speaker), Rebeca, Lydia , Luca
Related Symbols: Adelante
Page Number: 257
Explanation and Analysis:

Rebeca doesn’t believe a single word of it. She doesn’t even understand how Soledad can preserve that kind of naïveté after everything she’s been through. Rebeca has been cured of innocence. She knows that there’s no safe place for them in the world, that el norte will be the same as anywhere else. Hope cannot survive the poison of her recent proof: the world is a terrible place.

Related Characters: Luca , Lydia , Rebeca, Soledad
Related Symbols: El Norte
Page Number: 258
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 26 Quotes

[Beto’s] a philosopher, she thinks. He’s rough, but he means what he says, and his openness is a provocation. Despite everything, he likes being alive. Lydia doesn’t know whether that’s true for herself. For mothers, the question is immaterial anyway. Her survival is a matter of instinct rather than desire.

Related Characters: Soledad, Beto, Luca , Rebeca, Lydia
Page Number: 276
Explanation and Analysis:

Beto is talking beside her. “I heard if your life is in danger wherever you come from, they’re not allowed to send you back there.”

To Lydia it sounds like mythology, but she can’t help asking anyway, “You have to be Central American? To apply for asylum?”

Beto shrugs. “Why? Your life in danger?”

Lydia sighs. “Isn’t everyone’s?”

Related Characters: Beto (speaker), Lydia (speaker)
Page Number: 277
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 27 Quotes

Lydia is worried about all these things, and yet, she has a new understanding about the futility of worry. The worst will either happen or not happen, and there’s no worry that will make a difference.

Related Characters: Sebastián , Lydia , El Chacal , Rebeca, Luca , Soledad
Related Symbols: Adelante
Page Number: 279-280
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 30 Quotes

Lydia expected the crossing would be momentous. That it would happen in an instant, that she would, in the space of one footstep, leave Mexico and enter the United States. She expected to be able to pause, however briefly, so she might look back and reflect, both physically and metaphorically, at what she is leaving behind […]. She’s hoped, like one of those desert rattlesnakes, to shed the skin of her anguish and leave it behind in the Mexican dirt. But the moment of the crossing has already passed, and she didn’t even realize it had happened. She never looked back, never committed any small act of ceremony to help launch her into the new life on the other side. Nothing can be undone. Adelante.

Related Characters: Luca , Soledad, Rebeca, Lydia
Related Symbols: Adelante
Page Number: 323
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 35 Quotes

“I never wished for your death,” [Javier] says. “Surely you know that, Lydia. If I wanted you dead. You’d be dead.”

[Lydia] blinks. Pulls the camera away from her face. She closes her mouth and surveys the desert landscape. And suddenly she knows what he’s saying to be exactly true. All this time, all her planning, all her strategy and self-congratulations, it was all an illusion.

Related Characters: Javier (speaker), Lorenzo, Luca , El Chacal , Lydia
Page Number: 364
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 36 Quotes

Luca pins himself in next to Mami in a small dark place. He curls into her even though there’s enough room, pressing against Mami as if his life depends on her proximity, because now that they’re here, now that it’s this close, now that they’re minutes away from starting their new life, he doesn’t want to. In some primal way, he knows that once they’re safe the monsters he’s so far managed will come crashing in, and now there will be new monsters with them.

Related Characters: Lydia , Luca
Page Number: 372
Explanation and Analysis:

Epilogue Quotes

[Lydia] wonders if [Javier] feels anything now, or if he’s shut it all down, if Marta’s death was too much for him, so he found a loophole, a way to opt out of humanity. She is stronger than he is; she feels every molecule of her loss and she endures it. She is not diluted, but amplified. Her love for Luca is bigger, louder. Lydia is vivid with life.

Related Characters: Javier, Lydia , Marta, Sebastián
Page Number: 376
Explanation and Analysis:
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Lydia Quotes in American Dirt

The American Dirt quotes below are all either spoken by Lydia or refer to Lydia . For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Trauma Theme Icon
).

Chapter 1 Quotes

The wall is around five and a half feet high and three feet long—just large enough, with some luck, to shield Luca and his mother from sight. Luca’s back is wedged, his small shoulders touching both walls. His knees are drawn up to his chin, and Mami is clinched around him like a tortoise’s shell.

Related Characters: Luca , Lydia , Abuela, Sebastián
Page Number: 1
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 2 Quotes

The detective does not move to contradict her. Unlike many of his colleagues […] he happens to not be on the cartel payroll. […] The illicit payment is three times more than what they earn from the government. In fact, one has already texted el jefe to report Lydia’s and Luca’s arrival. The others do nothing, because that’s precisely what the cartel pays them to do, to populate uniforms and perform the appearance of governance.

Related Characters: Luca , Lydia , The Detective
Page Number: 9
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 3 Quotes

Luca adjusts the brim of his father’s too-big Yankees hat. Papi’s sweat is seeped into the hatband, so little currents of his scent puff out whenever Luca pulls it to one side of the other, which Luca does now at regular intervals so he can smell his father. Then he has the idea that perhaps the scent is finite, and he fears he might use it all up, so he stops touching it.

Related Characters: Sebastián , Lydia , Luca
Related Symbols: The Red Yankees Hat
Page Number: 18
Explanation and Analysis:

If there is one good thing about terror, Lydia now understands, it’s that it’s more immediate than grief. She knows that she will soon have to contend with what’s happened, but for now, the possibility of what might still happen serves to anesthetize her from the worst of the anguish.

Related Characters: Lydia , Javier, Luca
Page Number: 23
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 5 Quotes

There is blood on your hands as well. I’m sorry for your pain and mine. Now we are bound forever in this grief.

Related Characters: Javier (speaker), Lydia , Luca
Page Number: 44
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 7 Quotes

When she was a kid, Lydia loved the Choose Your Own Adventure books. At the end of each chapter, you’d have to decide what to do next. […] She liked being able to revise her own decisions, liked knowing that nothing was permanent, that she could always start over and try again. But it was also true that sometimes it didn’t matter, the maze of the book seemed to funnel her back to the same result, no matter what she decided.

Related Characters: Luca , Javier, Lydia
Page Number: 57
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 9 Quotes

In Carlos and Meredith’s house in Chilpancingo, there are new ghosts to contend with. Trauma waits for stillness. Lydia feels like a cracked egg, she doesn’t know if she is the shell or the yolk or the white. She is scrambled. […] Lydia tries to read but her mind can’t hold the words. […] So instead she tries to keep her body occupied. […] She watches as Luca grows silent.

Related Characters: Meredith, Carlos, Luca , Lydia
Page Number: 75
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 10 Quotes

When the idea first occurred to her […], it occurred as a camouflage: they could disguise themselves as migrants. But now that she’s sitting in this quiet library with her son and their stuffed backpacks, like a thunderclap, Lydia understands that it’s not a disguise at all. She and Luca are actual migrants. That is what they are.

Related Characters: Luca , Lydia
Page Number: 94
Explanation and Analysis:

All her life she’s pitied those poor people. She’s donated money. She’s wondered with the sort of detached fascination of the comfortable elite how dire the conditions of their lives must be wherever they come from, that this is the better option. That these people would leave their homes, their cultures, their families, even their languages, and venture into tremendous peril, risking their very lives, all for the chance to get to the dream of some faraway country that doesn’t want them.

Related Characters: Luca , Lydia
Related Symbols: El Norte
Page Number: 94
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 13 Quotes

She’s still afraid, one day, it will be Sebastian. She’s been afraid for so long that now she can’t catch up to the facts: it was already him, and the rest of her family. It really did happen; all those years of worry did not prevent it.

Related Characters: Lydia , Sebastián
Page Number: 124
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 15 Quotes

It’s overwhelming, to be in a beautiful, festive place like this. Lydia is overcome by guilt. Because it feels incongruous and seductive and wrong to witness the simple charm of a pretty place. She can see that same kind of notion land across Luca’s features, and she reaches for his hand. His mind does his awful thing to remind him not to be enchanted: it floods him with the helpful memory of all his dead family […]. Everyone gone. Luca is gone with them for a moment […].

Related Characters: Lydia , Rebeca, Luca , Soledad
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number: 152
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 16 Quotes

“You seem a lot older than you are. Like you’re this old man in this tiny body.”

Luca tries to take this as a compliment. His body isn’t tiny; it’s only moderately smaller than a typical eight-year-old’s. “I’ve seen bad things, too,” he assures her.

“Yeah?”

He nods.

“I guess you wouldn’t be on top of this train if you hadn’t.”

“Es un prerrequisito,” Luca says. A prerequisite.

Rebeca nods.

Related Characters: Luca (speaker), Rebeca (speaker), Soledad, Lydia
Page Number: 162
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 19 Quotes

Marta’s death changed everything, of course. It changed everything. Beyond her shock, Lydia can sense waves of competing emotions, but she shuts them all down. […] She will feel nothing about his anguish. The note he sent her at the Dusquesa Imperial: I’m sorry for your pain and mine. Now we are bound forever in this grief.

No.

No.

His grief is not the same as hers. Lydia will not feel empathy for him. She will rage. She will inhabit the fury of her own senseless bereavement, the one that Javier invented for her. Instead, she will walk, she will leave him behind, she will repeat the sixteen names of her murdered family.

Related Characters: Sebastián , Javier, Marta, Lorenzo, Lydia
Page Number: 194
Explanation and Analysis:

[Lydia] pictures [Lorenzo] following from a hidden distance, but she doesn’t turn to confront her suspicions. She keeps moving, adelante, keeps Luca and the girls moving. It’s not until hours later, on the doorstep of a migrant shelter, that she accords herself a pause of reassurance.

Related Characters: Lydia , Lorenzo, Luca
Related Symbols: Adelante
Page Number: 197
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 24 Quotes

“I just want to die. I want it to be over,” Rebeca says without any inflection to her voice at all.

“Well, you don’t get to decide that, Rebeca,” her sister says.

“I want to go home.”

“There is no home. We’re going to make a new home. This is the only way forward, so we go forward. Adelante. No more crying now.”

Related Characters: Soledad (speaker), Rebeca, Lydia , Luca
Related Symbols: Adelante
Page Number: 257
Explanation and Analysis:

Rebeca doesn’t believe a single word of it. She doesn’t even understand how Soledad can preserve that kind of naïveté after everything she’s been through. Rebeca has been cured of innocence. She knows that there’s no safe place for them in the world, that el norte will be the same as anywhere else. Hope cannot survive the poison of her recent proof: the world is a terrible place.

Related Characters: Luca , Lydia , Rebeca, Soledad
Related Symbols: El Norte
Page Number: 258
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 26 Quotes

[Beto’s] a philosopher, she thinks. He’s rough, but he means what he says, and his openness is a provocation. Despite everything, he likes being alive. Lydia doesn’t know whether that’s true for herself. For mothers, the question is immaterial anyway. Her survival is a matter of instinct rather than desire.

Related Characters: Soledad, Beto, Luca , Rebeca, Lydia
Page Number: 276
Explanation and Analysis:

Beto is talking beside her. “I heard if your life is in danger wherever you come from, they’re not allowed to send you back there.”

To Lydia it sounds like mythology, but she can’t help asking anyway, “You have to be Central American? To apply for asylum?”

Beto shrugs. “Why? Your life in danger?”

Lydia sighs. “Isn’t everyone’s?”

Related Characters: Beto (speaker), Lydia (speaker)
Page Number: 277
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 27 Quotes

Lydia is worried about all these things, and yet, she has a new understanding about the futility of worry. The worst will either happen or not happen, and there’s no worry that will make a difference.

Related Characters: Sebastián , Lydia , El Chacal , Rebeca, Luca , Soledad
Related Symbols: Adelante
Page Number: 279-280
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 30 Quotes

Lydia expected the crossing would be momentous. That it would happen in an instant, that she would, in the space of one footstep, leave Mexico and enter the United States. She expected to be able to pause, however briefly, so she might look back and reflect, both physically and metaphorically, at what she is leaving behind […]. She’s hoped, like one of those desert rattlesnakes, to shed the skin of her anguish and leave it behind in the Mexican dirt. But the moment of the crossing has already passed, and she didn’t even realize it had happened. She never looked back, never committed any small act of ceremony to help launch her into the new life on the other side. Nothing can be undone. Adelante.

Related Characters: Luca , Soledad, Rebeca, Lydia
Related Symbols: Adelante
Page Number: 323
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 35 Quotes

“I never wished for your death,” [Javier] says. “Surely you know that, Lydia. If I wanted you dead. You’d be dead.”

[Lydia] blinks. Pulls the camera away from her face. She closes her mouth and surveys the desert landscape. And suddenly she knows what he’s saying to be exactly true. All this time, all her planning, all her strategy and self-congratulations, it was all an illusion.

Related Characters: Javier (speaker), Lorenzo, Luca , El Chacal , Lydia
Page Number: 364
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 36 Quotes

Luca pins himself in next to Mami in a small dark place. He curls into her even though there’s enough room, pressing against Mami as if his life depends on her proximity, because now that they’re here, now that it’s this close, now that they’re minutes away from starting their new life, he doesn’t want to. In some primal way, he knows that once they’re safe the monsters he’s so far managed will come crashing in, and now there will be new monsters with them.

Related Characters: Lydia , Luca
Page Number: 372
Explanation and Analysis:

Epilogue Quotes

[Lydia] wonders if [Javier] feels anything now, or if he’s shut it all down, if Marta’s death was too much for him, so he found a loophole, a way to opt out of humanity. She is stronger than he is; she feels every molecule of her loss and she endures it. She is not diluted, but amplified. Her love for Luca is bigger, louder. Lydia is vivid with life.

Related Characters: Javier, Lydia , Marta, Sebastián
Page Number: 376
Explanation and Analysis: