American Dirt

by Jeanine Cummins

Forced Migration Theme Analysis

Themes and Colors
Trauma Theme Icon
Survival, Grief, and Resilience Theme Icon
Self-Determination, Uncertainty, and Chance Theme Icon
Motherhood Theme Icon
Forced Migration Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in American Dirt, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Forced Migration Theme Icon

In American Dirt, Lydia and her eight-year-old son, Luca, are on the run from the cartel that murdered their entire family. They are trying to reach the United States, and as Lydia assesses their options near the beginning of their trek, she comes to an important realization: “She and Luca are actual migrants. That is what they are.” On the surface, Lydia and Luca do not resemble the people mainstream culture pictures when they hear about migrants. Lydia is an educated business owner. In fact, she used to see herself as an outsider to this group, feeling “worry, compassion, helplessness” about their lot from the comforts of her tranquil, middle-class life—that is, until her life was unexpectedly and tragically turned upside down by the murder of her entire family.

On one hand, Lydia’s trajectory from “normal person” to migrant story shows how ostensibly relatable people can find themselves in dire straits. On the other hand, it serves as a window into the different circumstances that lead individuals to embark on this path. Through Lydia’s story, the novel thus opens itself up to the clandestine world of forced migration, depicting those whose material conditions drive them to undertake the often-treacherous journey across the border with the hope of beginning anew. Amidst the group collectively referred to as “the migrants” are individuals fleeing sexual violence, extreme poverty, and cartel-related dangers. There are also people looking for economic opportunity and a better future for themselves and their families. In this way, American Dirt takes a sympathetic stance toward forced migration, highlighting the broader socio-economic and political forces that drive individuals to leave their homes.

Related Themes from Other Texts
Compare and contrast themes from other texts to this theme…
Get the entire American Dirt LitChart as a printable PDF.
American Dirt PDF

Forced Migration Quotes in American Dirt

Below you will find the important quotes in American Dirt related to the theme of Forced Migration.

Chapter 10 Quotes

When the idea first occurred to her […], it occurred as a camouflage: they could disguise themselves as migrants. But now that she’s sitting in this quiet library with her son and their stuffed backpacks, like a thunderclap, Lydia understands that it’s not a disguise at all. She and Luca are actual migrants. That is what they are.

Related Characters: Luca , Lydia
Page Number: 94
Explanation and Analysis:

All her life she’s pitied those poor people. She’s donated money. She’s wondered with the sort of detached fascination of the comfortable elite how dire the conditions of their lives must be wherever they come from, that this is the better option. That these people would leave their homes, their cultures, their families, even their languages, and venture into tremendous peril, risking their very lives, all for the chance to get to the dream of some faraway country that doesn’t want them.

Related Characters: Luca , Lydia
Related Symbols: El Norte
Page Number: 94
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 16 Quotes

“You seem a lot older than you are. Like you’re this old man in this tiny body.”

Luca tries to take this as a compliment. His body isn’t tiny; it’s only moderately smaller than a typical eight-year-old’s. “I’ve seen bad things, too,” he assures her.

“Yeah?”

He nods.

“I guess you wouldn’t be on top of this train if you hadn’t.”

“Es un prerrequisito,” Luca says. A prerequisite.

Rebeca nods.

Related Characters: Luca (speaker), Rebeca (speaker), Soledad, Lydia
Page Number: 162
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 19 Quotes

[Lydia] pictures [Lorenzo] following from a hidden distance, but she doesn’t turn to confront her suspicions. She keeps moving, adelante, keeps Luca and the girls moving. It’s not until hours later, on the doorstep of a migrant shelter, that she accords herself a pause of reassurance.

Related Characters: Lydia , Lorenzo, Luca
Related Symbols: Adelante
Page Number: 197
Explanation and Analysis:

“Elmer, your daughters called today,” [Ángela] says quietly. “Soledad and Rebeca called from Mexico, and they’re doing well, Elmer. Your daughters are okay. They’re on their way to el norte.”

Related Characters: Ángela (speaker), Soledad, Rebeca, Elmer
Related Symbols: El Norte
Page Number: 204
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 24 Quotes

“I just want to die. I want it to be over,” Rebeca says without any inflection to her voice at all.

“Well, you don’t get to decide that, Rebeca,” her sister says.

“I want to go home.”

“There is no home. We’re going to make a new home. This is the only way forward, so we go forward. Adelante. No more crying now.”

Related Characters: Soledad (speaker), Rebeca, Lydia , Luca
Related Symbols: Adelante
Page Number: 257
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 26 Quotes

Beto is talking beside her. “I heard if your life is in danger wherever you come from, they’re not allowed to send you back there.”

To Lydia it sounds like mythology, but she can’t help asking anyway, “You have to be Central American? To apply for asylum?”

Beto shrugs. “Why? Your life in danger?”

Lydia sighs. “Isn’t everyone’s?”

Related Characters: Beto (speaker), Lydia (speaker)
Page Number: 277
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 30 Quotes

Lydia expected the crossing would be momentous. That it would happen in an instant, that she would, in the space of one footstep, leave Mexico and enter the United States. She expected to be able to pause, however briefly, so she might look back and reflect, both physically and metaphorically, at what she is leaving behind […]. She’s hoped, like one of those desert rattlesnakes, to shed the skin of her anguish and leave it behind in the Mexican dirt. But the moment of the crossing has already passed, and she didn’t even realize it had happened. She never looked back, never committed any small act of ceremony to help launch her into the new life on the other side. Nothing can be undone. Adelante.

Related Characters: Luca , Soledad, Rebeca, Lydia
Related Symbols: Adelante
Page Number: 323
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 34 Quotes

El Chacal has never read academic theories of trauma psychology, but he has seen a thousand different varieties of it here in the desert. He is, in every practical sense, an expert in the field. He knows better than to give Soledad the gun.

Related Characters: El Chacal , Rebeca, Soledad, Lorenzo
Page Number: 356
Explanation and Analysis:

Chapter 35 Quotes

“I never wished for your death,” [Javier] says. “Surely you know that, Lydia. If I wanted you dead. You’d be dead.”

[Lydia] blinks. Pulls the camera away from her face. She closes her mouth and surveys the desert landscape. And suddenly she knows what he’s saying to be exactly true. All this time, all her planning, all her strategy and self-congratulations, it was all an illusion.

Related Characters: Javier (speaker), Lorenzo, Luca , El Chacal , Lydia
Page Number: 364
Explanation and Analysis: