The Fellowship of the Ring
The Fellowship of the Ring
by J.R.R. Tolkien
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Themes and Colors
Good vs. Evil Theme Icon
Courage, Heroism, and Selflessness Theme Icon
Free Will, Fate, and Foresight Theme Icon
History and Myth Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in The Fellowship of the Ring, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
History and Myth Theme Icon
History and Myth Theme Icon

The titular company of The Fellowship of the Ring consists of individuals from many cultures, including hobbits, dwarves, elves, and humans. Tolkien presents various forms of history and myth across these cultures—for example, hobbits enjoy playful songs that reflect their pastoral traditions, humans favor legends of battlefield valor, and elves tend to create mythical odes about ancient events. These histories and myths can have a threefold purpose: they preserve memories of previous eras, reflect the repetitive nature of history, and can shape future events.

Tolkien infuses his epic novel with stories of mythical people and events to offer historical context to readers, which simultaneously adds depth to the world he’s building. Much of this storytelling takes place in conversation. For example, Gandalf’s account to Frodo of the legendary rings of power, the ancient War of the Last Alliance, and Gollum’s origins as Smeagol set the scene for Frodo’s chapter in the saga of the Ring. History is preserved and passed on through the sharing of stories. Numerous songs also reference the past histories of Tolkien’s universe. For instance, Aragorn sings the Song of Beren and Lúthien to the hobbits by the campfire at Weathertop. It describes the meeting and courtship of Beren and Lúthien Tinúviel, referencing bygone characters and landscapes. Such a song weaves a vision that offers characters (and readers) insights into previous ages. These historic references in conversation and song demonstrate the power of myth, legend and folklore to both ground a narrative and to broaden its world.

Songs about the past also relate directly to the plot’s current situation, suggesting that history repeats itself. Even songs that directly relate legendary events from ages long gone comment on characters’ present situations. A good example of this parallel is when Gimli chants Durin’s Song as he passes through Moria with the Company of the Ring. The song recounts the splendor of the dwarven king Durin’s rule before the decline of his kingdom of Khazad-dûm; this hauntingly matches the current decline of the Third Age, marked most significantly by the dwindling of the elves. Song is therefore a medium that expresses the idea that history is cyclical.

Furthermore, the preservation of history and myth can shape the future. For example, The Riddle of Strider appears twice in The Fellowship of the Ring. It was written decades earlier by Bilbo, based on a prophecy that had been attached to Aragorn’s family for many generations. It speaks to the truth of Aragorn’s heritage, for while he appears a mere wanderer, he is in fact the Heir of Isildur. The Riddle predicts that he will re-forge the ancient blade Narsil, and claim the thrones of Gondor and Arnor. It is not until the later books in The Lord of the Rings series that these predicted events transpire as truth, but the Fellowship learn quickly that there is more to Strider than meets the eye. Beyond learning about the past, then, history is vital in looking to the future—history can guide individuals toward specific destinies.

Tolkien thereby emphasizes the societal importance of preserving history and explaining myth. By prioritizing characters’ storytelling in his narrative, he creates intertextual references that add depth to the world of Middle-earth. Direct echoes of historic circumstances also emphasize the continuity of the world and show that core patterns of events rise and fall repetitively through time. Additionally, history can have great consequence in shaping future events. Overall, Tolkien creates a sense that The Fellowship of the Ring is the beginning of a legendary tale that will itself one day be celebrated in various cultures’ shared histories and myths.

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History and Myth Quotes in The Fellowship of the Ring

Below you will find the important quotes in The Fellowship of the Ring related to the theme of History and Myth.

Book 1, Chapter 1 Quotes

“But my lad Sam will know more about [Bilbo’s gold]. He’s in and out of Bag End. Crazy about the stories of the old days he is, and he listens to all Mr. Bilbo’s tales. Mr. Bilbo has learned him his letters –meaning no harm, mark you, and I hope no harm will come from it.

Elves and Dragons! I says to him. Cabbages and potatoes are better for me and you. Don’t go getting mixed up in the business of your betters, or you’ll land in trouble too big for you, I says to him. And I might say it to others,” he added with a look at the stranger and the miller.

But the Gaffer did not convince his audience. The legend of Bilbo’s wealth was now too firmly fixed in the minds of the younger generation of hobbits.

Related Characters: Ham (The Gaffer) Gamgee (speaker), Samwise (Sam) Gamgee, Bilbo Baggins
Page Number and Citation: 25
Explanation and Analysis:
In this passage, the elderly Gaffer holds court at a local pub in Hobbiton as he shares his opinion on Bilbo’s character and history. He has an attentive audience who are keen to learn about the eccentricities of the hobbit who is soon to throw the most extravagant birthday party that Hobbiton has ever seen. The Gaffer has authority on the subject because he has worked as Bilbo’s gardener all his life, although his son Sam has now largely taken over these duties. The Gaffer explains that the legend of Bilbo’s wealth has been blown out of proportion by rumor. Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui et ut. Voluptate labore corporis. Hic tempore lab

Book 1, Chapter 4 Quotes

“If you don’t come back, sir, then I shan’t, that’s certain,” said Sam. “Don’t you leave him! They said to me. Leave him! I said. I never mean to. I am going with him, if he climbs to the Moon, and if any of those Black Riders try to stop him, they’ll have Sam Gamgee to reckon with, I said. They laughed.”

Related Characters: Samwise (Sam) Gamgee (speaker), Gildor Inglorien, Frodo Baggins, The Black Riders / Ringwraiths / Nazgûl
Related Symbols: The One Ring
Page Number and Citation: 85
Explanation and Analysis:
Sam is telling Frodo about his conversation with Gildor and the elves the previous night, in which Sam promised he would not leave Frodo’s side on the journey to Mordor. Despite the knowledge that Frodo will face great danger, the faithful gardener does not hesitate to selflessly pledge his support to the Ring-bearer. Sam’s loyalty to Frodo is perhaps the key relationship throughout The Lord of the Rings series, for it is the bonds of fellowship that allow the quest to continue through great peril. Sam’s reference to Frodo as “sir” indicates his reverence for his former employer. In this Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia

Book 2, Chapter 1 Quotes

Slowly he drew it out. Bilbo put out his hand. But Frodo quickly drew back the Ring. To his distress and amazement he found that he was no longer looking at Bilbo; a shadow seemed to have fallen between them, and through it he found himself eyeing a little wrinkled creature with a hungry face and bony groping hands. He felt a desire to strike him.

The music and singing round them seemed to falter, and a silence fell. Bilbo looked quickly at Frodo's face and passed his hand across his eyes. “I understand now,” he said. “Put it away! I am sorry: sorry you have come in for this burden: sorry about everything.”

Related Characters: Bilbo Baggins (speaker), Frodo Baggins, Gollum / Smeagol
Related Symbols: The One Ring
Related Literary Devices:
Page Number and Citation: 225-6
Explanation and Analysis:
In Rivendell, Frodo’s reunion with his dear uncle Bilbo is spoiled by Bilbo’s needy desire to view the Ring. Frodo’s reluctance to show Bilbo the weapon is likely an effect of the Ring’s influence—Gollum and Bilbo’s histories suggest that a Ring-bearer does not like to display the Ring for fear of losing it. It is concerning to think that the cycles of history are repeating once more as the Ring corrupts a hobbit to greed and obsession. Indeed, Frodo also acts out of his usual character when he is struck by the impulse to hit Bilbo. Bilbo’s reaction to the Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem acc

Book 2, Chapter 2 Quotes

“If Gondor, Boromir, has been a stalwart tower, [the Rangers] have played another part. Many evil things there are that your strong walls and bright swords do not stay. You know little of the lands beyond your bounds. Peace and freedom, do you say? The North would have known them little but for us.

[…] Travellers scowl at us, and countrymen give us scornful names. 'Strider' I am to one fat man who lives within a day's march of foes that would freeze his heart, or lay his little town in ruin, if he were not guarded ceaselessly. Yet we would not have it otherwise. If simple folk are free from care and fear, simple they will be, and we must be secret to keep them so. That has been the task of my kindred, while the years have lengthened and the grass has grown.”

Related Characters: Aragorn / Strider (speaker), Boromir
Page Number and Citation: 242
Explanation and Analysis:
At the Council of Elrond, Boromir praises Gondor’s strength in combatting Sauron’s evil forces, and casts doubt on Aragorn’s power as the Heir of Isildur. Aragorn rises to acknowledge both his humble appearance and the courage of Gondor before educating Boromir on the role that the Rangers play in driving back the evils of Sauron and other dark forces. The Rangers toil ceaselessly across the Northern lands to protect numerous Free Peoples of Middle-earth. They receive no thanks for their protection, for they do not proudly brag of their efforts; this is to let the peaceful places they protect live Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos. Qui

Book 2, Chapter 4 Quotes

"It was not the fault of the Dwarves that the friendship waned," said Gimli.

"I have not heard it was the fault of the Elves," said Legolas.

"I have heard both," said Gandalf; "and I will not give judgement now. But I beg you two, Legolas and Gimli, at least to be friends, and to help me. I need you both. The doors are shut and hidden, and the sooner we find them the better. Night is at hand."

Related Characters: Gandalf the Grey (speaker), Gimli (speaker), Legolas Greenleaf (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 295
Explanation and Analysis:
The Company of the Ring has reached the place where there is a hidden West gate into Moria, and they are struggling to gain entry before nightfall when evil forces will be on their trail in high numbers. Gimli and Legolas begin a polite yet heartfelt argument about the historic enmity between their races, but Gandalf interrupts them by directing them to the urgent problem that “night is at hand.” Night can refer to the Dark Lord’s growing power as well as the fast-approaching dusk. Gandalf shows two key character traits here. Firstly, he is a short-tempered wizard who is Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Comm

Book 2, Chapter 5 Quotes

“The world was young,
The mountains green,
No stain yet on the Moon was seen,
No words were laid on stream or stone
When Durin woke and walked alone.
He named the nameless hills and dells;
He drank from yet untasted wells;
He stooped and looked in Mirrormere,
And saw a crown of stars appear,
As gems upon a silver thread,
Above the shadow of his head.

The world was fair, the mountains tall,
In Elder days before the fall
Of mighty kings in Nargothrond
And Gondolin, who now beyond
The Western Seas have passed away:
The world was fair in Durin’s Day.

[…]

The world is grey, the mountains old,
The forge’s fire is ashen-cold;
No harp is wrung, no hammer falls:
The darkness dwells in Durin’s halls;
The shadow lies upon his tomb
In Moria, in Khazad-dûm.
But still the sunken stars appear
In dark and windless Mirrormere;
There lies his crown in water deep
Till Durin wakes again from sleep.”

Related Characters: Gimli (speaker), Samwise (Sam) Gamgee
Page Number and Citation: 307-8
Explanation and Analysis:
The Company of the Ring spends the night huddled together in a cavernous hall they have entered in Moria (an ancient dwarvish realm abandoned by the dwarves many centuries ago). Gimli is offended by Sam’s naming of Moria’s architecture as “holes,” and sings the Song of Durin to share his people’s fair history with the hobbits. The Song of Durin tells the mythical tale of an ancient king who founded dwarvish landmarks such as Moria and the Mirrormere. There is no doubt it is grounded in actual history, and Durin’s memorialization in song becomes a mechanism to preserve the memories Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima porro perferendis. Sit neque odit. Tenetur qui dignissimos.

Book 2, Chapter 8 Quotes

[Aragorn’s] own plan, while Gandalf remained with them, had been to go with Boromir, and with his sword help to deliver Gondor. For he believed that the message of the dreams was a summons, and that the hour had come at last when the heir of Elendil should come forth and strive with Sauron for the mastery. But in Moria the burden of Gandalf had been laid on him; and he knew that he could not now forsake the Ring, if Frodo refused in the end to go with Boromir. And yet what help could he or any of the Company give to Frodo, save to walk blindly with him into the darkness?

Related Characters: Aragorn / Strider, Boromir, Gandalf the Grey, Frodo Baggins
Related Symbols: The One Ring, The Shards of Narsil / Anduril
Page Number and Citation: 359
Explanation and Analysis:
As the Company of the Ring prepares to depart Lothlórien, Aragorn is torn between his duty to Frodo and his duty to Gondor. He is selfless in his desire to serve others, but two competing needs arise: he desires to protect the all-important Ring-bearer, but he is also the heir to the throne of Gondor where his people are in dire need of protection. This passage emphasizes Aragorn’s moral strength. He believes that prophecy, visions, and fate have called him forth to claim his noble heritage. He desires to lead Gondor to victory by wielding his reforged sword Anduril, Flame Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus e

Then the Lady unbraided one of her long tresses, and cut off three golden hairs, and laid them in Gimli’s hand. “These words shall go with the gift,” she said. “I do not foretell, for all foretelling is now vain: on the one hand lies darkness, and on the other only hope. But if hope should not fail, then I say to you, Gimli son of Glóin, that your hands shall flow with gold, and yet over you gold shall have no dominion.”

Related Characters: Galadriel (speaker), Gimli, Legolas Greenleaf
Page Number and Citation: 367
Explanation and Analysis:
The Lady Galadriel gifts Gimli his request of a token of her beauty that will stand as a promise of goodwill between Gimli’s homeland and Lothlórien. She rewards his courteous request and pure heart with strands of her golden hair, an image Tolkien has borrowed from traditional myth and fairytale. This almost seems like a scene from a fairytale, for Gimli has put aside his long feud with the elves to forge peace. His is accompanied by a growing comradery with Legolas that will develop into the firmest of loyal friendships. The Lady of Lórien accompanies her gift to Gimli Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis

The travellers sat still without moving or speaking. On the green bank near to the very point of the Tongue the Lady Galadriel stood alone and silent. As they passed her they turned and their eyes watched her slowly floating away from them. For so it seemed to them: Lórien was slipping backward, like a bright ship masted with enchanted trees, sailing on to forgotten shores, while they sat helpless upon the margin of the grey and leafless world.

Related Characters: Galadriel, Aragorn / Strider, Boromir, Meriadoc (Merry) Brandybuck, Peregrin (Pippin) Took, Legolas Greenleaf, Samwise (Sam) Gamgee, Frodo Baggins, Gimli
Page Number and Citation: 367
Explanation and Analysis:
The Company of the Ring are solemn and sorrowful when they leave the land of Lothlórien, watching Galadriel and the elf-forest grow distant as their three boats float down the River Anduin. They are bidding farewell to a safe haven where they have rested and enjoyed the wonders of the Lord and Lady of the Golden Wood. The Fellowship’s departure more broadly signifies the departure of all the elves and their magic from Middle-earth, leaving it a bleaker “grey and leafless world.” This is not a vision but a reality, for the elves are departing by the masses to sail Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferend