Wicked

by Gregory Maguire

The Nature of Evil Theme Analysis

Themes and Colors
The Nature of Evil Theme Icon
Power and Oppression Theme Icon
Identity and Otherness Theme Icon
Destiny vs. Free Will Theme Icon
Guilt, Blame, and Forgiveness Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Wicked, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
The Nature of Evil Theme Icon

Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West reimagines The Wonderful Wizard of Oz’s infamous villain, the green Witch, as a smart, passionate girl named Elphaba Thropp. But for a story about a so-called “Wicked” Witch, the novel offers no clear definition for evil, instead presenting it as a manmade concept largely influenced by perspective and used to sway public opinion. Wicked challenges the idea that evil is either innate or absolute; it functions less as a truth and more as an explanation which characters like Elphaba use to make sense of their pain, alienation, and confusion. Perceived as different from birth—green-skinned, unloved by her father Frex, and ostracized by her peers—Elphaba grows up believing she lacks a soul, a notion that lends a warped kind of logic to her suffering. If she is inherently wicked, then the cruelty she endures makes sense. “Evil,” for Elphaba, is not a moral reality but a coping mechanism, a story that explains why she never felt that she belonged.

The novel expands this interrogation of good and evil beyond Elphaba, filtering its ambiguity through religion and social convention. Competing Ozian faiths—Unionism, which casts morality as divine law; Lurlinism, which presents evil as part of life’s natural balance; and the pleasure faithers of Tiktokism, who shrug off morality entirely in the name of hedonism—illustrate that no single definition holds. Even Glinda, heralded as the “Good Witch” (and Elphaba’s foil), spends her youth as the vain, mean, and status-obsessed Galinda while Elphaba, branded as wicked, devotes herself to fighting the Wizard’s oppression of Animals. And though Elphaba repeatedly insists that innocent sacrifices are sometimes necessary for the greater good, she cannot bring herself to kill Madame Morrible once she learns children would also die as a result. Her restraint—objectively a “good” act—yields no reward, only tragedy in Fiyero’s death, a consequence of her resistance to tyranny. Later, her mistreatment of Dorothy is equally muddled: it is driven not by malice, but sleep deprivation, tragic misunderstandings, and a painful recognition of herself in the hopeful young girl. At every turn, Elphaba’s actions fail to settle neatly into good or evil, and the world offers no justice for “goodness,” just as it offers no clear punishment for “wickedness.” Ultimately, Wicked argues that evil is a shifting narrative people tell about themselves and others—a label that perhaps explains suffering and cruelty, and even functions as a tool of control, but that never quite tells the whole story.

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The Nature of Evil Quotes in Wicked

Below you will find the important quotes in Wicked related to the theme of The Nature of Evil.

Prologue: On the Yellow Brick Road Quotes

“She’s a despot. A dangerous tyrant,” said the Lion with conviction.

[...] “I hear she’s a champion of home rule for the so-called Winkies.”

Related Characters: The Tin Woodman (Nick Chopper) (speaker), The Lion (speaker), The Scarecrow, Sarima, Fiyero, Boq, Galinda (Glinda), The Wizard, Elphaba (The Wicked Witch of the West), Dorothy Gale
Page Number: 2
Explanation and Analysis:

1. The Root of Evil Quotes

“We stand at a crossroads. Idolatry looms. Traditional values in jeopardy. Truth under siege and virtue abandoned.”

He wasn’t talking to her so much as practicing his tirade against the coming spectacle of violence and magic. There was a side to Frex that verged on despair; unlike most men, he was able to channel it to benefit his life’s work.

Related Characters: Frex (speaker), Elphaba (The Wicked Witch of the West), Melena, The Wizard
Related Symbols: The Clock of the Time Dragon
Page Number: 9
Explanation and Analysis:

4. Maladies and Remedies Quotes

“But I remember once when a tinker with a funny accent gave me a draft of some heady brew from a green glass bottle. And I had rare expansive dreams, Nanny, of the Other World—cities of glass and smoke—noise and color—I tried to remember.”

Related Characters: Melena (speaker), Nanny, The Wizard, Elphaba (The Wicked Witch of the West)
Page Number: 29
Explanation and Analysis:

8. Darkness Abroad Quotes

“Horrors,” she said again, looking without binocular vision, staring at the glass in which her parents and Nanny could make out nothing but darkness. “Horrors.”

Related Characters: Elphaba (The Wicked Witch of the West) (speaker), Nanny, Turtle Heart, The Wizard, The Kumbric Witch
Page Number: 62
Explanation and Analysis:

9. Galinda Quotes

She struggled with unnamed conflicts within her. Madame Morrible, for all her upper-class diction and fabulous wardrobe, seemed just a tad—oh—dangerous. [...] Galinda always felt as if she couldn’t see the whole picture.

Related Characters: Galinda (Glinda), Madame Morrible, Elphaba (The Wicked Witch of the West), The Wizard, Nessarose, Ama Clutch
Page Number: 92
Explanation and Analysis:

11. The Charmed Circle Quotes

“And the drought, after a few promising reprieves, continues unabated. The Animals are recalled to the lands of their ancestors, a ploy to give the farmers a sense of control over something anyway. It’s a systematic marginalizing of populations, Glinda, that’s what the Wizard’s all about.”

“We were talking about your childhood,” said Glinda.

“[...] You can’t divorce your particulars from politics.”

Related Characters: Elphaba (The Wicked Witch of the West) (speaker), Galinda (Glinda), The Wizard, Madame Morrible, Doctor Dillamond
Page Number: 135
Explanation and Analysis:

“If not immoral, then what word can I use to imply wrong?” said Elphaba.

“Try mysterious and then relax a little. The thing is, my green girlie, it is not for a girl, or a student, or a citizen to assess what is wrong. This is the job of leaders, and why we exist.”

Related Characters: Elphaba (The Wicked Witch of the West) (speaker), The Wizard (speaker), Galinda (Glinda), Doctor Dillamond
Page Number: 175
Explanation and Analysis:

12. City of Emeralds Quotes

“I love you so much, Fiyero, you just don’t understand: Being born with a talent or an inclination for goodness is the aberration.”

She was right. He didn’t understand.

Related Characters: Elphaba (The Wicked Witch of the West) (speaker), Fiyero
Page Number: 200
Explanation and Analysis:

13. The Voyage Out Quotes

“One never learns how the witch became wicked, or whether that was the right choice for her—is it ever the right choice? Does the devil ever struggle to be good again, or if so is he not a devil? It is at the very least a question of definitions.”

Related Characters: Oatsie Manglehand (speaker), The Fairy Queen Lurline, Elphaba (The Wicked Witch of the West), The Kumbric Witch
Page Number: 231
Explanation and Analysis:

14. The Jasper Gates of Kiamo Ko Quotes

“And there the wicked old Witch stayed, for a good long time.”

“Did she ever come out?” asked Nor, doing her line from an almost hypnagogic state.

Not yet,” said Sarima, kissing and biting her daughter on the wrist, which made them both giggle, and then lights out.

Related Characters: Sarima (speaker), Nor (speaker), Elphaba (The Wicked Witch of the West), Dorothy Gale, The Kumbric Witch
Page Number: 247
Explanation and Analysis:

15. Uprisings Quotes

Nanny reported that Nessarose had grown to be far cleverer than anyone anticipated. She kept her cards close to her chest and issued vague statements about the revolutionary cause, statements that could be read several ways, depending on the audience.

Related Characters: Nanny, Elphaba (The Wicked Witch of the West), Nessarose, Melena, The Wizard
Page Number: 288
Explanation and Analysis:

“But Nessa now thinks she needs no one, to help her stand or help her govern. She listens less than ever. In some ways I think those shoes are dangerous.”

Related Characters: Frex (speaker), Nessarose, Elphaba (The Wicked Witch of the West), Galinda (Glinda)
Related Symbols: Nessa’s Sparkling Shoes
Page Number: 309
Explanation and Analysis:

Perhaps Nessie was right. And yet here they were, a dozen years later, two Witches, in a manner of speaking. And Glinda a sorceress for the public good. It was enough to make Elphie go back to Kiamo Ko and burn that Grimmerie, and burn the broom too, for that matter.

Related Characters: Elphaba (The Wicked Witch of the West), Nessarose, Galinda (Glinda), Madame Morrible, The Wizard
Related Symbols: The Grimmerie
Page Number: 323
Explanation and Analysis:

16. The Murder and Its Afterlife Quotes

“People who claim they’re evil are usually no worse than the rest of us.” He sighed. “It’s people who claim that they’re good, or anyway better than the rest of us, that you have to be wary of.”

Related Characters: Boq (speaker), The Wizard, Elphaba (The Wicked Witch of the West), Madame Morrible
Page Number: 357
Explanation and Analysis: