A Complicated Kindness
by Miriam Toews
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Religion and Dogma Theme Analysis

Themes and Colors
Religion and Dogma Theme Icon
Family and Home Theme Icon
Community and Coming of Age Theme Icon
Narrative and Storytelling Theme Icon
Christian Salvation vs. Earthly Joy Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in A Complicated Kindness, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Religion and Dogma Theme Icon
Religion and Dogma Theme Icon

Nomi, the teenage protagonist of A Complicated Kindness, has grown up in a remote village of Mennonites, a Christian sect that emphasizes austere ways of life and limited contact with modernity. However, as she comes of age and confronts the dissolution of her family, Nomi grows to doubt the strict religious principles that govern her life. Nomi endlessly mocks dogma she finds to be pointless and sharply criticizes teachers and clerics who use religion to exert control over others. At the same time, however, she also admires the sincere religious beliefs of humble and selfless people like her father, Ray. By contrasting these two approaches to Christianity, the novel levels a critique not at faith itself but rather at the use of dogma for personal gain.

Much of the novel’s humor comes from Nomi’s irreverent approach to religious principles that other people in her town take extremely seriously. For example, Nomi lampoons a pseudo-scientific church chart illustrating Satan’s fall through “a complicated system of arrows and timelines.” She also reminisces about being reprimanded by her Sunday school teacher for pretending that a Jesus figurine could “leap down from the cross and drop-kick all the bad guys.”

In a particularly dramatic incident, Nomi reluctantly pretends to be a Christian pioneer at the town’s living history museum. While subtly lighting a cigarette under her bonnet, she catches the garment on fire and runs around frantically, ruining the exhibit and angering the town’s minister, whom she has nicknamed “The Mouth” for his pompous speeches. Nomi’s ability to find the humor in these forms of religious dogma undermines the credibility of the adults around her who refuse to examine their own religious principles.

Meanwhile, the adults most invested in enforcing religious dogma are usually those who want to control or hurt others. The Mouth, who also happens to be Nomi’s uncle, uses his adherence to religious dogma to increase his own authority and power, even when doing so verges on cruelty. For example, as a child Nomi is consumed with nightmares that her older sister Tash, who has recently run away with her boyfriend, will go to Hell for her transgressions. Her mother, Trudie, begs The Mouth to promise Nomi that this won’t happen, but the minister refuses to do so. He won’t relinquish his religious rigidity and the social power it confers upon him, even to comfort a child.

Similarly, Nomi is constantly at odds with her English teacher, Mr. Quiring, who punishes her for her irreverent and unorthodox views. But eventually Nomi discovers that Mr. Quiring has violated Mennonite principles by having an extramarital affair with Nomi’s own mother; subsequently he blackmails Trudie by threatening to have her excommunicated. Again, Nomi’s story shows an authority figure mobilizing religious strictures for his own personal benefit.

While the novel often makes fun of religious dogma and those who adhere to it, people of sincere faith nonetheless emerge as pillars of strength and inner tranquility. Nomi’s father Ray is so devoted to the Mennonite lifestyle that he doesn’t even take off his mandated suit and tie to exercise; she often envies his true belief in God, which helps to sustain him even when their family is falling apart. She also develops a friendship with an older woman, Mrs. Peters, whose serene faith in the afterlife helps her withstand her son Clayton’s tragic death. In both these cases, faith is genuine and seems to be a profound source of strength in trying times.

Moreover, while purveyors of religious dogma often judge and condemn others, characters motivated by sincere faith practice acceptance and empathy. Despite Nomi’s flagrant violation of Mennonite principles, Ray doesn’t punish or admonish her; his faith reinforces his love for her, rather than compromising it. Similarly, Nomi’s best friend Lids truly believes in Mennonite ideology but also serves as Nomi’s confidant about her escapades and nascent sex life. Lids’s faith motivates her to accept others’ differences, rather than scorning them.

A Complicated Kindness is irreverent and often mocking in its portrayal of church dogma. However, the novel’s sensitive portrayal of people like Ray and Lids—complex and sympathetic characters who are genuinely motivated by faith—keeps it from becoming a parody of Mennonite life. Rather, the novel restricts its critique to people who use religious principles to acquire power or harm others.

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Religion and Dogma Quotes in A Complicated Kindness

Below you will find the important quotes in A Complicated Kindness related to the theme of Religion and Dogma.

Chapter One Quotes

Mr. Quiring has told me that essays and stories generally come, organically, to a preordained ending that is quite out of the writer’s control. He says we will know when it happens, the ending. I don’t know about that I feel that there are so many to choose from.

Related Characters: Nomi Nickel (speaker), Mr. Quiring
Page Number and Citation: 1
Explanation and Analysis:
As she begins to chronicle her own life and that of her family, Nomi questions the very function of narrative and a person’s role within their own story. Mr. Quiring, Nomi’s English teacher, believes that writers don’t have any control over their stories because they are “preordained” by God. In class, he uses this faith in divine power to justify his insistence that his students write canned, formulaic stories that unquestioningly parrot Mennonite theology. But in this scenario, it’s Mr. Quiring himself who gains power and control, as he uses religious orthodoxy as an excuse to demean questioning students like Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium r

There’s an invisible force that exerts a steady pressure on our words like a hand to an open, spurting wound. The town office building has a giant filing cabinet full of death certificates that say choked to death of his own anger or suffocated from unexpressed feelings of unhappiness.

Related Characters: Nomi Nickel (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 4
Explanation and Analysis:
In the novel’s first chapter, Nomi gives an overview of her upbringing and the various problematic aspects of life in East Village. Nomi is being facetious, of course—it’s unlikely that anyone is ruled have died “of his own anger.” However, passages like this demonstrate that stories don’t have to be literally factual in order to communicate existential truths—in this case that the Mennonite obsession with sin and shame creates an environment that is toxic to many people. Nomi goes on to mention several acquaintances—friend Sheridan’s parents, among others—who go insane or even commit suicide because of their inability to simultaneously Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae volu

Chapter Two Quotes

The only thing I needed to know was that we were all going to live forever, together, happily, in heaven and with God, and without pain and sadness and sin. And in my town that is the deal. It’s taken for granted. We’ve been hand-picked. We’re on a fast track, singled out, and saved.

Related Characters: Nomi Nickel (speaker), Tash Nickel, Ray Nickel, Trudie Nickel
Page Number and Citation: 17
Explanation and Analysis:
Nomi opens her narrative as a disaffected teenager who has rejected Mennonite principles and feels ambivalent about God’s existence. Yet her recurring flashbacks, which begin here, paint a different picture of her younger years. In part because she’s only exposed to extremely conservative religious ideas, Nomi starts out life certain about the righteousness of Mennonite principles and committed to living her life according to them. This ideology provides Nomi with comfort and security, as it reinforces her love for her family and assures her that they will share a blissful afterlife together. At the same time, it also fosters deep Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti

Chapter Six Quotes

But there is kindness here, a complicated kindness. You can see it sometimes in the eyes of people when they look at you and don’t know what to say. When they ask me how my dad is, for instance, and mean how am I managing without my mother.

Related Characters: Nomi Nickel (speaker), Trudie Nickel
Page Number and Citation: 46
Explanation and Analysis:
In this passage—which, of course, gives the novel its name—Nomi meditates on her complex relationship to her insular Mennonite community. She’s just described the subtle kindness with which people treat one woman who has been excommunicated but still lives in town—although they are obliged to shun her, other community members often give her food and other presents. Nomi compares this kindness to the way people often check in on her, even though they’re too shy to reference her mother’s abrupt departure. One of Nomi’s gifts is her ability to recognize the unique virtues of East Village in tandem with her Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserunt. Sint aperiam consequatur. Minima p

Chapter Seven Quotes

Americans come here to observe our simple ways. Here, life is so refreshingly uncomplicated. The tourists are encouraged to buy a bag of unbleached flour at the windmill and to wander the dirt lane of the museum village that is set up on the edge of town, depicting the ways in which we used to live. It’s right next to the real town, this one, which is not really real.

Related Characters: Nomi Nickel (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 47
Explanation and Analysis:
In this passage, Nomi uses the museum village—a moneymaking scheme in which tourists visit recreations of traditional Mennonite life—to meditate on her town’s tense relationship to the outside world. Mennonites are supposed to have limited contact with modern life. But, understandably, young people like Nomi have no desire to live like pioneers—instead, they listen to pop music, wear revealing clothing, and smoke cigarettes. They’re as different from “traditional” Mennonites as the tourists are. Because of this, the museum represents the wide gap between the principles the church tries to enforce and the actual lives and desires of the people in Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollit

I ended up saying stupid stuff like I just want to be myself, I just want to do things without wandering if they’re a sin or not. I want to be free. I want to know what it’s like to be forgiven by another human being (I was stoned, obviously) and not have to wait around all my life anxiously wondering if I’m an okay person or not and having to die to find out.

Related Characters: Nomi Nickel (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 48
Explanation and Analysis:
In this passage, Nomi shows how her own developing existential philosophy clashes with the principles imposed upon her at school. In this passage, a slightly-stoned Nomi tries to tell her teacher about what could be gained by leaving the Mennonite community. He accuses her of seeking only shallow pleasures, like “writhing on a dance floor.” Nomi deprecates her own response by calling it “stupid stuff,” but in fact she articulates some of the most basic human desires: the need to experience freedom, contentment, and a sense of self-worth. It’s deeply disturbing for Nomi to realize that she can’t meet these Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis.

Chapter Ten Quotes

She once asked me and the other girls in our class if we were gymnasts, but really fat ones, would we think we could just go out and win an Olympic medal one day? No? Well, that’s what Christianity is all about, she said.

Related Characters: Nomi Nickel (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 84
Explanation and Analysis:
Here, Nomi remembers a bizarre lesson from her days at Sunday school. The teacher (who also happens to be The Mouth’s daughter, and Nomi’s cousin), explains miracles to the class by suggesting that God is powerful enough to make a “fat” gymnast win a gold medal. The Sunday school teacher is a pious woman, completely dedicated to the Mennonite way of life, but by describing miracles as kind of magic trick she cheapens ideas of faith and divinity. In contrast, although Nomi actively questions Mennonite principles, her habit of finding beauty in unexpected places—like the trash dump or the sewage Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim n

Chapter Eighteen Quotes

I didn’t know why she was crying, until I heard my mom say honey, what is it? What’s wrong? And Tash said: I think I’ll go crazy. I can’t stand it. It’s all a fucking lie. It’s killing me! Mom, it really is! And then something happened that took me completely by surprise, I heard my mom say, I know honey, I know it is.

Related Characters: Nomi Nickel (speaker), Tash Nickel, Trudie Nickel
Page Number and Citation: 146
Explanation and Analysis:
In this flashback, Nomi remembers the tumultuous days just before Tash runs away from home. Nomi, a child who finds it hard to understand the adult conflicts taking place around her, is listening to Tash sobbing in bed after staying out all night. Worrying that her sister will go to hell for her sins, Nomi herself starts to cry. It’s unsurprising to hear the rebellious Tash say that she’s disaffected with Mennonite principles, but Nomi is shocked to hear Trudie concur with Tash’s description of their life as a “fucking lie.” While Trudie is unwilling to openly rebel against the Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque placeat. Molestiae earum eum. Libero sit beatae. At a deserun

My mom put some blankets and pillows into a garbage bag and carried it out to Ian’s truck. She put bread and fruit and the fresh ham she’d bought that day into a box and Ian carried that out.

I remembered my mom telling us about the Mennonites in Russia fleeing in the middle of the night, scrambling madly to find a place, any place, where they’d be free. All they needed, she said, was for people to tolerate their unique apartness.

Related Characters: Nomi Nickel (speaker), Tash Nickel, Trudie Nickel, Ian
Page Number and Citation: 148
Explanation and Analysis:
In this passage, Nomi remembers watching Tash prepare to leave home for good with her boyfriend, Ian. Even though Trudie is distraught to see Tash leave, she gives her provisions for the road. According to the norms of the Mennonite community, Tash’s choice is deeply transgressive. However, by comparing it to the earlier Mennonite flight from Russia, Nomi imbues her sister’s choice with purpose and legitimacy, and argues that pursuing secular fulfillment is just as valid as chasing religious freedom. It’s ironic that although Mennonites fled intolerance in Europe, their descendants have created repressive conditions that force others out of Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibu

Chapter Twenty-One Quotes

Ask her to forgive you, Trudie said. You’ve scared the shit out of her, Hans. Tell her you’re sorry. Tell her! Tell her it’s not true. Tell her they are stories. You know nothing about love, nothing. You know nothing about anything at all and I hate you so much.

Related Characters: Trudie Nickel (speaker), Nomi Nickel, The Mouth
Page Number and Citation: 171
Explanation and Analysis:
In the weeks after Tash’s disappearance, Nomi begins to have terrible nightmares in which her older sister is condemned to hell for her sins. Fed up after many sleepless nights, Trudie drags Nomi to The Mouth’s house and demands that, as a church leader, he assure Nomi that Tash’s future in the afterlife is safe. Her desperation and desire for the wellbeing of both her daughters contrasts with The Mouth’s rigid adherence to religious dogma—in the end, he refuses his sister’s request. This passage thus argues that prioritizing religious rules above all else inevitably takes a toll on human relationships. Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui au

Chapter Twenty-Two Quotes

I turned the paper over and studied a chart titled “Satan Cast Down.” There were different categories linked together with arrows and verses. Rapture, saved dead, unsaved dead, millennium, bottomless pit, lake of fire, beast and false prophet, new heaven, new earth. I tried to follow the complicated system of arrows and timelines.

Related Characters: Nomi Nickel (speaker), Ray Nickel, The Mouth, Mr. Quiring
Page Number and Citation: 184
Explanation and Analysis:
One morning in her kitchen, Nomi stumbles across a religious chart Ray has brought home from church. The chart explains the biblical story of Satan’s fall through a complex system of “arrows and verses.” The Bible is a complex and beautiful narrative; Nomi, who will later be moved by the verses Ray cites in a letter to her, certainly recognizes that. But in order to “prove” God’s power and the Devil’s destruction, The Mouth has reduced this narrative to a handful of buzzwords and symbols, making it not only unintelligible but laughable. Nomi thus uses this moment to critique powerful Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commo

Chapter Twenty-Three Quotes

I asked him why he was getting rid of the furniture and he said he liked empty spaces because you could imagine what might go in them someday.

We were quiet for a long, long time. Then I told him I wasn’t going anywhere. That I’d never leave him.

Related Characters: Nomi Nickel (speaker), Ray Nickel
Related Symbols: Nomi’s House
Page Number and Citation: 193
Explanation and Analysis:
Nomi and Ray often seem to go days without seeing each other, but one morning she wakes up to find him sitting by her bed, and they have an unexpectedly frank conversation. For a long time, Nomi has been frustrated by Ray’s habit of selling essential pieces of furniture, and now she asks him the reason for this strange behavior. Ray’s plaintive answer reveals his grief in the wake of Trudie and Tash’s disappearances: he needs to think about the house’s “future” because dwelling on its past is too painful. Thus, this passage makes an explicit symbolic connection between the Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debit

Chapter Twenty-Four Quotes

Heaven is always calm, with no wind. She said other stuff but I didn’t really understand it. I understood there was no wind in heaven. That’s partly why I love the wind that blows around in this town. It makes me feel like I’m in the world.

Related Characters: Nomi Nickel (speaker), Trudie Nickel, Nicodemus
Page Number and Citation: 198
Explanation and Analysis:
In this passage, Nomi recalls her reaction to the death of her grandfather, Nicodemus. Nomi is four when Nicodemus passes away, and she decides to write him a letter in Heaven. Trudie covertly writes a fake letter in return, but eventually Nomi discovers the ruse, and Trudie must confess that it’s impossible to contact people in Heaven. In a community as focused on religion as Nomi’s is, this revelation of the inaccessibility of the divine should be disheartening. But Trudie’s description of Heaven’s tranquility actually comforts Nomi by reminding her of the beauty that comes from change and instability , Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Com

And we counted cars with American plates­—twenty-seven. On their way to watch The Mouth read Revelations by candlelight in the fake church while the people of the real town sat in a field of dirt cheering on collisions.

Related Characters: Nomi Nickel (speaker), Ray Nickel, The Mouth
Page Number and Citation: 206
Explanation and Analysis:
In a rare spontaneous gesture, Ray has taken Nomi to a demolition derby in a nearby town, and father and daughter watch as cars wreck each other in the dirt. The image Nomi paints of Ray watching the spectacle in his suit and tie embodies the tension between past and present that characterizes Mennonite communities. The Mouth considers this reality shameful; by performing for tourists in the “fake church” and ignoring the real desires of his congregants, he attempts to suppress and ignore it. However, just as Nomi finds beauty in the peripheral wastelands of her town, she derives more Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus volupta

Chapter Twenty-Eight Quotes

Love is everything. It is the greatest of these. And I think that we all use whatever is in our power, whatever is in our reach, to attempt to keep alive the love we’ve felt. So, in a way, the only difference between you and me is that you reached out and used the church—there it was as it always has been, what a tradition—and I stayed at home, in bed, and closed my eyes.

Related Characters: Nomi Nickel (speaker), Mr. Quiring, Trudie Nickel
Page Number and Citation: 244
Explanation and Analysis:
In the novel’s final pages, Nomi reveals two things: that Trudie and Mr. Quiring had an affair that ended badly, and that she’s addressing her entire narrative to her dogmatic English teacher. In part, she empathizes with Mr. Quiring, suggesting that his nasty threats to expose Trudie stemmed from a sense of disappointed love. Yet she also points out how he has manipulated church dogma—in this case, stigma about female sexuality—in an attempt to control Trudie’s actions and the narrative of her life. Saying that love “is the greatest of these,” Nomi references a well-known Bible passage (I Corinthians 13:13) Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nes

Truthfully, this story ends with me still sitting on the floor of my room wondering who I’ll become if I leave this town and remembering when I was little kid and loved to fall asleep in my bed […] listening to the voices of my sister and my mother talking and laughing in the kitchen and the sounds of my dad poking around in the yard, making things beautiful right outside my bedroom window.

Related Characters: Nomi Nickel (speaker), Trudie Nickel, Ray Nickel, Tash Nickel
Page Number and Citation: 246
Explanation and Analysis:
Just before this passage, Nomi told Mr. Quiring that she’s packed up her things and is driving away from town forever. Now she reverses course, admitting that she has yet to take this drastic step. This is a typical narrative technique for Nomi, in that she tells her story in a nonlinear way and uses an episode that isn’t factual to communicate a broader truth: her bittersweet feelings at the thought of leaving home. Nomi creates a meaningful and complex narrative by prioritizing feelings and imagination, implicitly countering Mr. Quiring’s “factual” but reductive approach to storytelling. Meanwhile, Nomi’s positive memories Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliqua