A Complicated Kindness
by Miriam Toews
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Themes and Colors
Religion and Dogma Theme Icon
Family and Home Theme Icon
Community and Coming of Age Theme Icon
Narrative and Storytelling Theme Icon
Christian Salvation vs. Earthly Joy Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in A Complicated Kindness, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Narrative and Storytelling Theme Icon
Narrative and Storytelling Theme Icon

In A Complicated Kindness, teenager Nomi Nickel relates the complex tale of her family’s departure from the Mennonite community. Interspersing present action and past memory, Nomi creates a circular narrative that prioritizes memory and emotion over facts and chronology. This style clashes with her teacher Mr. Quiring’s insistence that she write linear and well-organized reports and, more broadly, that she live in unquestioning devotion to the Mennonite Church and its leaders. In light of these demands, Nomi’s narrative style is not just an aesthetic choice; rather, is it is an attempt to create a space for nuance and ambiguity within a society that practices a strict and reductive ideology.

With its rigid ideas of right and wrong, Nomi’s Mennonite community values linear, clear-cut narratives that Nomi often finds reductive or meaningless. In one humorous incident, Nomi sarcastically describes a church handout detailing Satan’s fall in chart form; by collapsing a complex Biblical tale into a series of bullet points, the chart has rendered the narrative trite and meaningless. More broadly, this tendency surfaces in Nomi’s constant quarrels with her English teacher, Mr. Quiring. Mr. Quiring only values stories that include “a triggering point, a climax, and a resolution,” and he constantly finds fault with Nomi because her work flouts these stylistic conventions. For him, rejection of these narrative rules amounts to a defiance of Mennonite norms.

Indeed, the preference for cut-and-dried narratives extends beyond the classroom to important Mennonite rites like excommunication, the ultimate punishment for sinful behavior. Once church leaders excommunicate someone, the entire community must “shun” them, including their own family. Practices like these place narrative simplicity—in this case, declaring a specific person good or bad—over moral complexity and family relationships.

However, Nomi’s technique for telling her own story is far from linear. Rather than telling a single coherent story, Nomi relates a series of seemingly detached events. Constantly oscillating between the present day and childhood memories, she creates a confused sense of chronology, presenting the reader with a blurry impression of her life rather than a linear description. Notably, she also withholds important information from the reader. Even though Nomi’s mother, Trudie, left the family years ago, the reader only discovers at the end of the novel that she was excommunicated and forced to leave, rather than leaving of her own volition. These techniques work to create a holistic vision of Nomi’s thoughts and feelings, implicitly pointing out that the formats espoused by Mr. Quiring and the church don’t capture the world’s complexity.

But Nomi’s choices in telling her story are not just aesthetic; they also represent an attempt to reclaim her family’s narrative from the dominant social forces around her. At the end of the novel, Nomi reveals her discovery that prior to her excommunication, Trudie had an affair with Mr. Quiring, who then blackmailed her by threatening to portray her as sexually loose and demented to the town. He attempts to control her by presenting a narrative of her life that is reductive and inauthentic, and this attempt ultimately leads to her disappearance from Nomi’s life.

In contrast, Nomi’s narrative structure redeems her mother. By the time her transgression is revealed, the reader has already learned about her many positive attributes and family circumstances, and is thus able to understand her actions in the context of her difficult life. In the novel’s last pages Nomi addresses Mr. Quiring directly, saying sarcastically: “You gave my family an end.” In fact, she’s rejecting his and her community’s decision that her family must dissolve because of her mother’s actions. Rather, she has developed a mode of storytelling that accepts and even embraces moral fallibility within human relationships.

To tell her life story, Nomi creates a diffuse, circular narrative that contrasts with her society’s emphasis on circular and often reductive stories. Ultimately, this technique of portraying her life—and in particular, her mother’s actions—helps Nomi reclaim her family’s story from a community that devalues and condemns it.

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Narrative and Storytelling Quotes in A Complicated Kindness

Below you will find the important quotes in A Complicated Kindness related to the theme of Narrative and Storytelling.

Chapter One Quotes

Mr. Quiring has told me that essays and stories generally come, organically, to a preordained ending that is quite out of the writer’s control. He says we will know when it happens, the ending. I don’t know about that I feel that there are so many to choose from.

Related Characters: Nomi Nickel (speaker), Mr. Quiring
Page Number and Citation: 1
Explanation and Analysis:
As she begins to chronicle her own life and that of her family, Nomi questions the very function of narrative and a person’s role within their own story. Mr. Quiring, Nomi’s English teacher, believes that writers don’t have any control over their stories because they are “preordained” by God. In class, he uses this faith in divine power to justify his insistence that his students write canned, formulaic stories that unquestioningly parrot Mennonite theology. But in this scenario, it’s Mr. Quiring himself who gains power and control, as he uses religious orthodoxy as an excuse to demean questioning students like Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium r

There’s an invisible force that exerts a steady pressure on our words like a hand to an open, spurting wound. The town office building has a giant filing cabinet full of death certificates that say choked to death of his own anger or suffocated from unexpressed feelings of unhappiness.

Related Characters: Nomi Nickel (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 4
Explanation and Analysis:
In the novel’s first chapter, Nomi gives an overview of her upbringing and the various problematic aspects of life in East Village. Nomi is being facetious, of course—it’s unlikely that anyone is ruled have died “of his own anger.” However, passages like this demonstrate that stories don’t have to be literally factual in order to communicate existential truths—in this case that the Mennonite obsession with sin and shame creates an environment that is toxic to many people. Nomi goes on to mention several acquaintances—friend Sheridan’s parents, among others—who go insane or even commit suicide because of their inability to simultaneously Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae volu

Chapter Seven Quotes

I ended up saying stupid stuff like I just want to be myself, I just want to do things without wandering if they’re a sin or not. I want to be free. I want to know what it’s like to be forgiven by another human being (I was stoned, obviously) and not have to wait around all my life anxiously wondering if I’m an okay person or not and having to die to find out.

Related Characters: Nomi Nickel (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 48
Explanation and Analysis:
In this passage, Nomi shows how her own developing existential philosophy clashes with the principles imposed upon her at school. In this passage, a slightly-stoned Nomi tries to tell her teacher about what could be gained by leaving the Mennonite community. He accuses her of seeking only shallow pleasures, like “writhing on a dance floor.” Nomi deprecates her own response by calling it “stupid stuff,” but in fact she articulates some of the most basic human desires: the need to experience freedom, contentment, and a sense of self-worth. It’s deeply disturbing for Nomi to realize that she can’t meet these Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis.

A tourist once came up to me and took a picture and said to her husband, now here’s a priceless juxtaposition of old and new. They debated the idea of giving me some money, then concluded: no.

Related Characters: Nomi Nickel (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 53
Explanation and Analysis:
In this scene, Nomi is sitting aimlessly on the street when she overhears some tourists having a conversation about her and deciding whether to give her money. While Nomi feels that she’s different from others in her community and often imagines herself living a hip lifestyle in New York City, moments like this remind her that, in the eyes of the world, she’s as backward and conservative of the people she herself mocks. The tourists’ total insensitivity shows that intolerance and ignorance are not unique to fundamentalist communities—rather, these traits often exist among secular and supposedly open-minded people. This passage Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debitis. Voluptatem accusantium est. Mollitia eaque ipsa. Perferendis consectetur et. Dicta impedit ut. Ducimus possimus quo. Non inventore in. Eligendi atque plac

Chapter Twenty-Two Quotes

I turned the paper over and studied a chart titled “Satan Cast Down.” There were different categories linked together with arrows and verses. Rapture, saved dead, unsaved dead, millennium, bottomless pit, lake of fire, beast and false prophet, new heaven, new earth. I tried to follow the complicated system of arrows and timelines.

Related Characters: Nomi Nickel (speaker), Ray Nickel, The Mouth, Mr. Quiring
Page Number and Citation: 184
Explanation and Analysis:
One morning in her kitchen, Nomi stumbles across a religious chart Ray has brought home from church. The chart explains the biblical story of Satan’s fall through a complex system of “arrows and verses.” The Bible is a complex and beautiful narrative; Nomi, who will later be moved by the verses Ray cites in a letter to her, certainly recognizes that. But in order to “prove” God’s power and the Devil’s destruction, The Mouth has reduced this narrative to a handful of buzzwords and symbols, making it not only unintelligible but laughable. Nomi thus uses this moment to critique powerful Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commo

Chapter Twenty-Three Quotes

I asked him why he was getting rid of the furniture and he said he liked empty spaces because you could imagine what might go in them someday.

We were quiet for a long, long time. Then I told him I wasn’t going anywhere. That I’d never leave him.

Related Characters: Nomi Nickel (speaker), Ray Nickel
Related Symbols: Nomi’s House
Page Number and Citation: 193
Explanation and Analysis:
Nomi and Ray often seem to go days without seeing each other, but one morning she wakes up to find him sitting by her bed, and they have an unexpectedly frank conversation. For a long time, Nomi has been frustrated by Ray’s habit of selling essential pieces of furniture, and now she asks him the reason for this strange behavior. Ray’s plaintive answer reveals his grief in the wake of Trudie and Tash’s disappearances: he needs to think about the house’s “future” because dwelling on its past is too painful. Thus, this passage makes an explicit symbolic connection between the Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus corrupti soluta. Qui aut a. Rerum voluptas debit

Chapter Twenty-Four Quotes

Heaven is always calm, with no wind. She said other stuff but I didn’t really understand it. I understood there was no wind in heaven. That’s partly why I love the wind that blows around in this town. It makes me feel like I’m in the world.

Related Characters: Nomi Nickel (speaker), Trudie Nickel, Nicodemus
Page Number and Citation: 198
Explanation and Analysis:
In this passage, Nomi recalls her reaction to the death of her grandfather, Nicodemus. Nomi is four when Nicodemus passes away, and she decides to write him a letter in Heaven. Trudie covertly writes a fake letter in return, but eventually Nomi discovers the ruse, and Trudie must confess that it’s impossible to contact people in Heaven. In a community as focused on religion as Nomi’s is, this revelation of the inaccessibility of the divine should be disheartening. But Trudie’s description of Heaven’s tranquility actually comforts Nomi by reminding her of the beauty that comes from change and instability , Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Com

We drove to the pits and rinsed the purple gas off in the water which made it beautiful and we floated around in gassy rainbows for hours talking about stuff and lighting the gas with Travis’s lighter so it was like we were in hell. Rainbow pools of fire in the pits, the smell of smoking stubble, the hot wind, dying chickens, the night, my childhood.

Related Characters: Nomi Nickel (speaker), Travis
Page Number and Citation: 200
Explanation and Analysis:
Nomi and Travis have been out all night making mischief: painting a barn and each’s other bodies, then covering each other in gas from a tank outside The Comb’s trailer and going swimming. The scene that Nomi describes isn’t beautiful or romantic in the traditional sense: after all, she’s swimming in a lake contaminated with oil, and this night foretells her looming breakup with Travis. However, Nomi’s blissful tone show her ability to appreciate the beauty of everyday life—a trait that sets her at odds with her ascetic community but ultimately helps her cultivate inner calm and contentment. Moments of Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo

And we counted cars with American plates­—twenty-seven. On their way to watch The Mouth read Revelations by candlelight in the fake church while the people of the real town sat in a field of dirt cheering on collisions.

Related Characters: Nomi Nickel (speaker), Ray Nickel, The Mouth
Page Number and Citation: 206
Explanation and Analysis:
In a rare spontaneous gesture, Ray has taken Nomi to a demolition derby in a nearby town, and father and daughter watch as cars wreck each other in the dirt. The image Nomi paints of Ray watching the spectacle in his suit and tie embodies the tension between past and present that characterizes Mennonite communities. The Mouth considers this reality shameful; by performing for tourists in the “fake church” and ignoring the real desires of his congregants, he attempts to suppress and ignore it. However, just as Nomi finds beauty in the peripheral wastelands of her town, she derives more Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus volupta

Chapter Twenty-Eight Quotes

Truthfully, this story ends with me still sitting on the floor of my room wondering who I’ll become if I leave this town and remembering when I was little kid and loved to fall asleep in my bed […] listening to the voices of my sister and my mother talking and laughing in the kitchen and the sounds of my dad poking around in the yard, making things beautiful right outside my bedroom window.

Related Characters: Nomi Nickel (speaker), Trudie Nickel, Ray Nickel, Tash Nickel
Page Number and Citation: 246
Explanation and Analysis:
Just before this passage, Nomi told Mr. Quiring that she’s packed up her things and is driving away from town forever. Now she reverses course, admitting that she has yet to take this drastic step. This is a typical narrative technique for Nomi, in that she tells her story in a nonlinear way and uses an episode that isn’t factual to communicate a broader truth: her bittersweet feelings at the thought of leaving home. Nomi creates a meaningful and complex narrative by prioritizing feelings and imagination, implicitly countering Mr. Quiring’s “factual” but reductive approach to storytelling. Meanwhile, Nomi’s positive memories Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliqua