Sarah’s Key
Sarah’s Key
by Tatiana De Rosnay

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Identity Theme Analysis

Themes and Colors
Remembrance and History Theme Icon
The Power of Silence Theme Icon
Guilt Theme Icon
Identity Theme Icon
Bravery Theme Icon
The Limits of Love Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Sarah’s Key, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Identity Theme Icon
Identity Theme Icon

A fraught concept in any context, the question of identity becomes extremely complex in this novel due to the historical context of the Holocaust. In the eyes of the Nazis and their collaborators, Sarah is nothing more than a Jew, which condemns her to death. However, de Rosnay shows that such a simple label cannot encompass Sarah’s complexity as an individual, let alone encapsulate an enormous and diverse group. For one, Sarah is ethnically Jewish, but not religious (meaning that she did not grow up in a family that practiced Judaism). Furthermore, though her parents are from Poland, Sarah was born and raised in France. The soldiers’ insistence that Sarah does not belong in France because she is Jewish therefore seems doubly absurd, since Sarah certainly sees herself more as French than as Jewish. This complexity suggests that any attempt to reduce a group or individual to a single aspect of their identity is impossible, unjust, and absurd.

Julia’s plotline confirms this point, though with much lower stakes. The Tézacs consistently refer to Julia not just as American, but as the American (l’Américaine), reducing her to the single identity marker of her nation of origin. However, when Julia moves to New York City after splitting from Bertrand late in the novel, she finds herself wryly identifying as a “Frenchy” (the nickname her daughter, Zoë, gets teased with at her new school). De Rosnay uses Julia’s consistent sense of being an outsider to show that identity often cannot be explained through a binary framework in which someone either “is” something or isn’t. The novel suggests that perhaps a more truthful and humane way of thinking about identity is to consider the accumulated lived experiences that make up a person’s past.

Although de Rosnay shows that Sarah and Julia both desire to be viewed compassionately and humanely in the context of their complex lives, she also explores characters’ desires not to be viewed in the context of their past. While de Rosnay does not explicitly suggest that a person cannot overcome her past, she shows that trying to erase one’s past is not a viable way of re-forging one’s identity. This is made clear in Sarah’s case, as her choice to not tell her husband or son that she is the sole Holocaust survivor of her immediate family does not free her to live life as an entirely new person. Instead, it only isolates her and compounds her grief. Sarah’s identity is part and parcel with her past experiences. Trying to divorce oneself from one’s past is not only impossible, but also incredibly destructive. De Rosnay thus shows that identity is far too complex to be reduced to discrete labels, or one facet of a person’s being. Furthermore, identity is rooted more firmly in experiences than in any single characteristic. William Rainsferd attests to this when he says of Sarah, “I didn’t know who my mother was […] I knew what she looked like, I knew her face, her smile, but nothing about her inner life.”

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Identity Quotes in Sarah’s Key

Below you will find the important quotes in Sarah’s Key related to the theme of Identity.

Chapter 1 Quotes

The mother pulled her daughter close to her. The girl could feel the woman’s heart beating through her dressing gown. She wanted to push her mother away. She wanted her mother to stand up straight and look at the men boldly, to stop cowering, to prevent her heart from beating like that, like a frightened animal’s. She wanted her mother to be brave.

Related Characters: Sarah “Sirka” Starzynski (speaker), Rywka Starzynski
Page Number and Citation: 3
Explanation and Analysis:
The French police appear at the Starzynskis’ door in the middle of the night, so it is understandable that Rywka—who understands her family’s arrest in the broader political context of the War—would be terrified. However, Sarah has a limited understanding of what is going on, believing that the French police would never harm a French family like hers. This quotation thus shows Sarah’s childish naïveté and her limited understanding of what it means to be brave. Here at the very beginning of the novel, Sarah conceives of bravery as outspoken and active, and she therefore interprets her mother’s passivity as Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. P

Chapter 8 Quotes

Why did Bertrand take such pleasure in making me out to be the snide, prejudiced American, ever critical of the French? And why did I just stand there and let him get away with it? It had been funny, at one point. In the beginning of our marriage, it had been a classic joke, the kind that made both our American and French friends roar with laughter. In the beginning.

Related Characters: Julia Jarmond (speaker), Bertrand Tézac
Page Number and Citation: 20
Explanation and Analysis:
This quotation immediately establishes the tension in Julia and Bertrand’s marriage. Much of the conflict between these two characters springs from the fact that Bertrand is judgmental of Julia’s identity as American. This quotation also shows that Julia is at a crossroads: Bertrand’s teasing didn’t used to bother her, but now it does. The fact that she does not confront Bertrand about how uncomfortable he is making her suggests that Julia doesn’t trust her husband to take her seriously. Silence, in the form of a lack of communication, will continue to trouble Julia and Bertrand’s relationship over the course of Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia a

Chapter 9 Quotes

Through the bus’s dusty pane, she recognized one of them, the young red-haired one who had often helped her cross the street on her way home from school. She tapped on the glass to attract his attention. When his eyes locked onto hers, he quickly looked away. He seemed embarrassed, almost annoyed. She wondered why.

Related Characters: Sarah “Sirka” Starzynski (speaker), The Policeman
Page Number and Citation: 24
Explanation and Analysis:
As Sarah and her family are loaded onto city buses to be transported from the garage to the Vélodrome, Sarah notices her neighborhood policeman and has this interaction with him. This is an important moment of foreshadowing, because Sarah will encounter this policeman two more times, while she is a prisoner at the Beaune-la-Rolande camp. The policeman’s inability to meet her eyes confuses Sarah, but to the reader it clearly suggests his sense of guilt and shame. This quotation also touches up on the theme of identity. By greeting the policeman, Sarah claims a kind of kinship with him not Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. A

Chapter 19 Quotes

The one who smelled a warm, comforting, motherly smell: delicious cooking, fresh soap, clean linen. The one with the infectious laugh. The one who said that even if there was a war, they’d pull through, because they were a strong, good family, a family full of love.
That woman had little by little disappeared. She had become gaunt, and pale, and she never smiled or laughed. She smelled rank, bitter. Her hair had become brittle and dry, streaked with gray.
The girl felt like her mother was already dead.

Related Characters: Sarah “Sirka” Starzynski (speaker), Rywka Starzynski
Page Number and Citation: 66
Explanation and Analysis:
Her first night at Beaune-la-Rolande, Sarah returns from the latrine to find her mother nearly unrecognizable. This quotation shows the devastating toll that suffering has taken on Rywka, whose response has been to shut down emotionally. In a subtle way, Rywka’s silence foreshadows the silent, serious woman that Sarah will become. At this point in the novel, Rywka knows her son is lost to her (and her husband has also been taken away), even though Sarah is not yet fully conscious of Michel’s death. This quotation is also important because it contextualizes Sarah’s relatively mild reaction when her mother is Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus

Chapter 21 Quotes

In that sheltered, gentle life that seemed far away, the girl would have believed her mother. She used to believe everything her mother said. But in this harsh new world, the girl felt she had grown up. She felt older than her mother. She knew the other women were saying the truth. She knew the rumors were true. She did not know how to explain this to her mother. Her mother had become like a child.

Related Characters: Sarah “Sirka” Starzynski (speaker), Rywka Starzynski
Page Number and Citation: 71
Explanation and Analysis:
This quotation occurs shortly after Sarah and her mother overhear a rumor that the camp officials are planning to separate the mothers and children. Rywka adamantly denies the rumor, but Sarah realizes it must be true. This quotation poignantly shows the role reversal that has occurred in Sarah’s relationship to her mother. The trauma they have experienced has reduced Rywka to the status of a naïve child, and forced Sarah to take on the role of the wise adult. The fact that Sarah is unable to make her mother understand the truth emphasizes the limits of the power of Sarah’s Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaeca

Chapter 22 Quotes

“Please don’t worry about it,” I said. “I don’t use my married name.”
“It’s an American thing,” said Mamé. “Miss Jarmond is American.”
“Yes, I had noticed that,” said Véronique, in better spirits.
Noticed what? I felt like asking. My accent, my clothes, my shoes?

Related Characters: Julia Jarmond (speaker), Marcelle Tézac, aka Mamé
Page Number and Citation: 74
Explanation and Analysis:
During a visit to Mamé’s nursing home, Julia gets called Madame Tézac by a nurse named Véronique. Mamé corrects the nurse, telling her that Julia hates being called Mrs. Tézac and should be addressed as Miss Jarmond. The nurse’s reaction makes Julia self-conscious. She wonders if her Americanness is physically obvious, in a way that parallels Sarah’s confusion over whether Jewishness is a quality that can be physically observed. This quotation shows that Julia’s feeling of being an outsider makes her feel unique but also causes her pain. It also reveals how narrowly the French define their community, since even Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus volu

Chapter 27 Quotes

She had grown up too much to be afraid anymore. She was no longer a baby. Her parents would be proud of her. That’s what she wanted them to be. Proud because she had escaped from that camp. Proud because she was going to Paris, to save her brother. Proud, because she wasn’t afraid.
She fell upon the tar with her teeth, gnawing at her mother’s minute stitches. Finally, the yellow piece of cloth fell away from the blouse. She looked at it. Big, black letters. JEW. She rolled it up in her hands.
“Doesn’t it look small, all of a sudden?” she said to Rachel.

Related Characters: Sarah “Sirka” Starzynski (speaker), Wladyslaw Starzynski, Rachel , Michel Starzynski, Rywka Starzynski
Related Symbols: The Yellow Star
Page Number and Citation: 97-98
Explanation and Analysis:
After escaping from Beaune-la-Rolande, Sarah and Rachel stop to heed the policeman’s advice and remove their stars. This is a powerful moment on many levels. First, it represents Sarah’s maturation: she still wants to make her parents proud, but by ripping apart her mother’s fine stitches, she is symbolically separating from her parents, and becoming her own person. As such, this is also a deeply sad moment, as Sarah is very young to be forced to become independent from her parents. Secondly, Sarah’s description of the star as small shows that her Jewishness is only one aspect of her identity, Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium r

Chapter 41 Quotes

I longed for the birth, for the sensation of the baby’s head pressing down through me, for that unmistakable, pure, painful sensation of bringing a child into the world, albeit with pain, with tears. I wanted those tears. I wanted that pain. I did not want the pain of emptiness, the tears of a barren, scarred womb.

Related Characters: Julia Jarmond (speaker)
Page Number and Citation: 168
Explanation and Analysis:
Julia has this reflection almost immediately after scheduling an abortion. Despite realizing how badly she wants a second child, she does not cancel the appointment she has just made. This illustrates what a profound influence Bertrand has on Julia. Even though she has finally come to terms with the fact that she wants to keep her pregnancy, she is still going to comply with her husband’s wish to have it terminated. This quotation thus shows how unsure Julia is of herself and how much she allows herself to be emotionally manipulated by her husband. By illustrating how difficult Julia finds Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperi

Chapter 47 Quotes

After my conversation with my sister, I lay on the sofa for a long time, my hand folded over my stomach like a protective shield. Little by little, I felt vitality pumping back into me.
As ever, I thought of Sarah Starzynski, and of what I now knew. I had not needed to tape Gaspard Dufaure. Nor jot anything down. It was all written inside me.

Related Characters: Julia Jarmond (speaker), Charla , Sarah “Sirka” Starzynski , Gaspard and Nicolas Dufaure
Page Number and Citation: 188
Explanation and Analysis:
This quotation appears when Julia is resting at home after having visited with Sarah’s adoptive brother, Gaspard Dufaure, in Orléans. Part of what makes this quotation striking is the way that Julia’s body becomes inscribed with memory, paralleling the way that physical objects and buildings have been imbued with memory throughout the novel. This speaks to the profound impact that Sarah’s story has had on Julia—almost as if it has modified Julia’s physical existence in the world. This quotation also speaks to how integral Sarah’s story is in Julia’s process of personal transformation by emphasizing that Sarah is as responsible Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. A

Chapter 62 Quotes

Was it to do with Sarah, with the rue de Saintonge? Or was it just a belated coming-of-age? I could not tell. I only knew that I felt as if I had emerged from a long-lasting, mellow, protective fog. Now my senses were sharpened, keen. There was no fog. There was nothing mellow. There were only facts. Finding this man. Telling him his mother had never been forgotten by the Tézacs, by the Dufaures.

Related Characters: Julia Jarmond (speaker), William Rainsferd, Sarah “Sirka” Starzynski
Page Number and Citation: 228
Explanation and Analysis:
Julia has this reflection the day she arrives in Lucca, Italy, in search of William Rainsferd. This quotation speaks to the sense of responsibility Julia feels to Sarah. She feels it is her duty to tell Sarah’s son that his mother is not forgotten. It also shows the profound impact that learning about Sarah has had on Julia. This quotation implies that uncovering Sarah’s story has catalyzed a kind of “coming-of-age” for Julia, giving her a renewed and strengthened sense of her identity. In this way, it is as though learning about Sarah has helped save Julia from having the Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio

Chapter 72 Quotes

Somehow he was no stranger to me, and more bizarre still, I felt even less a stranger to him. What had brought us together? My quest, my thirst for truth, my compassion for his mother? He knew nothing of me, knew nothing of my failing marriage, my near miscarriage in Lucca, my job, my life. What did I know of him, of his wife, his children, his career? His present was a mystery. But his past, his mother’s past, had been etched out to me like fiery torches along a dark path. And I longed to show this man that I cared, that what happened to his mother had altered my life.

Related Characters: Julia Jarmond (speaker), William Rainsferd, Sarah “Sirka” Starzynski
Page Number and Citation: 262
Explanation and Analysis:
After William shows up in Paris in search of Julia, the two of them visit Mamé in the hospital, where she is recovering from a stroke, and then go to a café together to discuss Sarah’s story. This quotation occurs just after Julia has told William his mother’s life story in full, and shows the powerful way that Julia’s research on Sarah has not only linked her to the past, but has made her feel more connected to a person in her present: William. This quotation also depicts the one positive example of the effects of silence in the novel, Dolorem et quae. Exercitationem non aut. Eveniet dolor non. Incidunt dolores sunt. Ad dolor at. Quia aperiam eligendi. Ut veniam voluptatem. Aperiam consequuntur mollitia. Provident expedita delectus. Occaecati ea suscipit. Optio ut iste. Voluptas aut occaecati. Accusantium recusandae voluptates. Explicabo minus tempore. Nostrum dolor asperiores. Ut aliquam officiis. Unde enim nesciunt. Commodi necessitatibus voluptas. Accusamus eaque omnis. Velit eaque error. Possimus