Definition of Foreshadowing
Though Elizabeth is shocked to learn of Collins and Charlotte becoming engaged, Austen foreshadows this turn of events in an earlier scene. When Elizabeth and Charlotte are discussing Jane and Bingley’s courtship early in the novel, Charlotte makes it clear that “securing” a partner is the most important thing, implying that she herself is uninterested in getting to know the “disposition” of her potential husband until after they are married, saying, "When she is secure of him, there will be more leisure for falling in love as much as she chooses." She later goes on to say:
"Happiness in marriage is entirely a matter of chance. If the dispositions of the parties are ever so well known to each other or ever so similar beforehand, it does not advance their felicity in the least.”
In a moment of foreshadowing, Elizabeth rejects Collins’s marriage proposal and, after he says that he will ask her again, she tells him that she is not the type of a woman to say yes to a proposal after previously saying no:
Unlock with LitCharts A+“Upon my word, sir,” cried Elizabeth, “your hope is a rather extraordinary one after my declaration. I do assure you that I am not one of those young ladies (if such young ladies there are) who are so daring as to risk their happiness on the chance of being asked a second time. I am perfectly serious in my refusal.”
Though Lydia and Wickham’s elopement comes as a shock to many characters, Austen foreshadowed Wickham’s manipulative behavior in Darcy’s letter to Elizabeth. In it, he explains how Wickham attempted to run away with his sister Georgiana just the year before:
Unlock with LitCharts A+“He so far recommended himself to Georgiana, whose affectionate heart retained a strong impression of his kindness to her as a child, that she was persuaded to believe herself in love, and to consent to an elopement. She was then but fifteen.”
Many chapters before Lydia runs away with Wickham while in Brighton, Elizabeth takes time to explain to Mr. Bennet why he shouldn’t let Lydia follow the regiment to Brighton, foreshadowing Lydia's rash actions to come:
Unlock with LitCharts A+“If you, my dear father, will not take the trouble of checking her exuberant spirits, and of teaching her that her present pursuits are not to be the business of her life, she will soon be beyond the reach of amendment. Her character will be fixed, and she will, at sixteen, be the most determined flirt that ever made herself or her family ridiculous.”
By the time Elizabeth visits Pemberley with her aunt and uncle (the Gardiners), she has already rejected Darcy and now believes that he is no longer interested in her. Still, as she sees Pemberley for the first time, she can’t help but think about living there as Darcy’s wife, foreshadowing the marriage to come. As the narrator puts it:
Unlock with LitCharts A+Elizabeth was delighted. She had never seen a place for which nature had done more, or where natural beauty had been so little counteracted by an awkward taste… at that moment she felt that to be mistress of Pemberley might be something!